Electronic Digital Computers

PrefacePart 1 Introduction 1.1. Objectives 1.11. Applications 1.12. Stages 1.13. Limitations 1.2. Machines 1.21. Arrangement 1.22. Machine Operation 1.3. Programming and Coding 1.31. Hierarchy of Activities 1.32. Definitions 1.4. Problem Analysis 1.41. Purpose 1.42. Computing Time 1.43. Ease of Programming and CodingPart 2 Automatic Digital Computers 2.1. Historical Survey 2.11. Early Developments 2.12. Magnetic Drum Computers 2.13. Acoustic Memory Computers 2.14. Electrostatic Memory Computers 2.15. Magnetic Core Computers 2.2. Functions and Components 2.21. Automatic Control 2.22. Memory 2.23. Input and Output 2.24. Summary 2.3. Number Representation 2.31. Digits 2.32. Binary vs. Decimal Representation 2.33. Representation of Numbers 2.34. Checking of Number Representation 2.4. Memory 2.41. Relation to Other Machine Units 2.42. Characteristics 2.43. Physical Realization 2.5. Arithmetic 2.51. General 2.52. Operations 2.53. Physical Realization 2.6. Control 2.61. General 2.62. The Number of Addresses 2.63. Instructions 2.7. Input and Output 2.71. Automatic Terminal Media 2.72. Nonautomatic Terminal Media 2.73. Auxiliary Operations and EquipmentPart 3 Coding and Programming 3.1. Coding in a Four-Address System 3.11. Introduction 3.12. A Simple Four-Address Machine 3.13. Coding of Simple Routines 3.14. Read-In Instructions 3.15. Further Four-Address Coding 3.2. Coding in a Single-Address System 3.21. Introduction, Machine Characteristics 3.22. Coding for Arithmetic Operations 3.23. Floating Point Arithmetic 3.24. Other Single-Address Instructions 3.25. Some Two-Address Codes 3.3. Programming 3.31. Flow Charts 3.32. Subroutines 3.33. Index Registers 3.34. Arrangement of Codes 3.4. Machine Aids 3.41. Machine Aids to Maintenance 3.42. Machine Aids to Operation 3.43. Machine Aids to CodingPart 4 Problem Analysis 4.1. Errors 4.11. Kinds of Errors 4.12. Control of Errors 4.2. Overflow and Scaling 4.3. Checking 4.31. Need for Checking 4.32. Duplicate Computation 4.33. Self-Checking Machines 4.34. Inverse Operations 4.35. Checking by Differences 4.36. Functional Relations 4.37. Check Sums 4.4. Evaluation of Explicit Functions 4.41. Elementary Functions 4.42. Storage and Interpolation 4.43. Direct Evaluation 4.44. Presentation of Results 4.5. Differentiation and Integration 4.51. Numerical Differentiation 4.52. Quadrature 4.6. Ordinary Differential Equations 4.61. General Considerations 4.62. Stepwise Integration Methods 4.63. Errors, Stability, Checking 4.64. Miscellaneous Methods for Special Cases 4.7. Partial Differential Equations 4.71. General Considerations 4.72. Hyperbolic Equations 4.73. Parabolic Equations 4.74. Elliptic Equations 4.75. Eigenvalues 4.8. Algebraic Equations 4.81. Systems of Linear Equations and the Inversion of Matrices 4.82. Nonlinear Equations 4.83. Characteristic Roots of MatricesPart 5 Matching Problems and Machines 5.1. Problems from Science and Engineering 5.11. Mechanics of Rigid Bodies 5.12. Mechanics of Continua 5.13. Electromagnetism and Optics 5.14. Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry 5.15. Atomic and Molecular Physics 5.2. Problems from Other Areas 5.21. Business-Type Applications 5.22. Control and Simulation 5.23. Pseudo-logical Problems 5.3. Characteristics of Machine Computation Laboratories 5.31. Machine Characteristics 5.32. Personnel 5.33. Plant and Administration 5.34. OutlookLiteratureSubject Index