
Electrical Applications 2
Free Global Shipping
No minimum orderDescription
Electrical Applications 2 covers the BTEC NII level objectives in Electrical Applications U86/330. To understand the applications, a knowledge of the underlying principles is needed and these are covered briefly in the text. Key topics discussed are: the transmission and distribution of electrical energy; safety and regulations; tariffs and power factor correction; materials and their applications in the electrical industry; transformers; DC machines; illumination; and fuse protection. Included in each chapter are worked examples which should be carefully worked through before progressing to the next section. At the ends of chapters, further problems are provided for consolidation and self-testing; where these have numerical answers, they may be found at the end of the book. In a subject such as this, many problems ask for explanations and descriptions and here the answers must be sought in the text. When dealing with a descriptive question, a good diagram almost always helps to give a clear answer and saves many words of explanation. The book aims to promote this approach by the use of over 170 figures throughout the eight chapters.
Table of Contents
Preface
1 Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy
Synchronous Generators
Economics of Generation and Transmission
Overhead Lines
Comparison between Overhead Lines and Underground Cables
Cost
Environment
Reliability
Fault Finding
Switchgear, Definitions and Uses
Substation Layout and Equipment
The Three-Phase System
Load Balancing
Industrial Installations
General Arrangement
Distribution Systems
Radial System
Ring System
Distributor Calculations
Radial
Distributor Fed at Both Ends
Problems for Section 1
2 Regulations
Safety and Regulations
The Electricity Supply Regulations
Electricity (Factories Act) Special Regulations
Fixed Apparatus
Substations and Transformers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers' Regulations for Electrical Installations
The Health and Safety at Work Act
Outline of the Requirements of the HASAWA
The Health and Safety Inspectorate
Comparison between the Scopes of the Regulations
Problems for Section 2
3 Tariffs and Power Factor Correction
Generation and Transmission Costs
Capital Charges
Running Charges
Power Factor
Maximum Demand
Diversity Factor
Load Factor
Cost of Electrical Energy
Domestic
Industrial
Problems for Section 3
4 Materials and Their Applications in the Electrical Industry
Conductor Materials for Overhead Lines and Underground Cables
Performance of Insulating Materials
Loss Angle Δ
Breakdown Voltage
Insulating Materials for Cables
Cable Construction
Materials Used in Electronic Circuits
Conductor Screening and Coaxial Cable
Printed Circuits
Circuit Damage due to Overcurrents
Heating of Cables
Permitted Volt-Drops in Cables
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Rating
Cables in Ducts or in Close Proximity
Heat Sinks
The Insulation of Overhead Lines
Eddy Current and Hysteresis Losses
Magnetic Materials
Minimization of Losses
Permanent Magnets
Magnetic Screening
Problems for Section 4
5 Transformers
Principle of Action of the Transformer
EMF Equation
The Single-Phase Transformer
The Three-Phase Transformer
Transformer Cooling
The Auto-Transformer
Advantages of the Auto-Transformer over the Double-Wound Transformer
Disadvantages of the Auto-Transformer
Current Transformers
Voltage or Potential Transformers
Measurement of Power and Power
Problems for Section 5
6 DC Machines
Principle of Action
Power, Force and Torque
Fleming's Rules
For Motors
For Generators
The Action of the Commutator
The Ring-Wound Armature
The Lap Winding
The Wave Winding
The EMF and Speed Equations
DC Machine Connections
Shunt
Series
Compound
The DC Motor
Speed/Armature Current Characteristics
The Torque Equation
Torque/Armature Current Characteristics
Motor Applications
Speed Control
DC Motor Starters
The Addition of Resistance to the Armature Circuit
The Manually-Operated Face-Plate Starter
The Automatic Contactor-Type Starter
Electronic Means
The DC Generator
Shunt-Wound
Series-Wound
Compound-Wound
Armature Reaction
Further Work on Commutation
Armature Reaction
Compensating Windings and Interpoles
Changes in Characteristics due to Armature Reaction
Losses in DC Machines
Field Loss
Armature Loss
Commutator Losses
Bearing Friction
Windage
The Power Flow Diagram
For a Motor
For a Generator
Problems for Section 6
7 Illumination
Lighting Standards
Luminance and Luminous Intensity
The Lumen and the Steradian
The Inverse Square Law
The Cosine Law
The Polar Diagram
Reflection and Refraction of Light
Use of the Polar Diagram
Indirect Illumination of a Surface
Types of Lamp
The Incandescent Lamp
The High-Pressure Discharge Lamp
The Low-Pressure Mercury (Fluorescent) Tube
The Low-Pressure Sodium Discharge Lamp
The Halogen Lamp
The Mercury-Metal Halide Lamp
The High-Pressure Sodium Lamp
Types of Luminaire
Daylighting
Problems for Section 7
8 Fuse Protection
Fault Level
Earthing
Fuse Protection
Operation of Fuses
The Semi-Enclosed Rewireable Fuse
The High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) Fuse
Fuse Characteristics
Problems for Section 8
Solutions to Problems
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 152
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Newnes 1991
- Published: November 30, 1991
- Imprint: Newnes
- eBook ISBN: 9781483140582