Eco-efficient Rendering Mortars

1. Mortars and sustainability

2. Rendering mortars
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Technology
2.3. Functional requirements
2.3.1. Workability
2.3.2. Micro-cracking
2.3.3. Water permeability
2.3.4. Water vapour permeability
2.3.5. Adhesion to the substrate
2.3.6. Impact resistance
2.3.7. Compatibility with substrate
2.3.8. Aesthetic appearance
2.3.9. Durability
2.4. Mortars standardization

3. Wastes
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Origin
3.2.1. Agricultural waste
3.2.2. Urban waste
3.2.3. Industrial waste
3.2.4. Hospital waste
3.3. Treatment
3.3.1. Crushing
3.3.2. Milling
3.3.3. Burning
3.3.4. The influence of waste treatment on its final characteristics
3.4. Properties
3.4.1. Chemical properties
3.4.2. Mineralogical properties
3.4.3. Physical properties
3.4.3.1. Shape
3.4.3.2. Roughness
3.4.3.3. Porosity
3.4.3.4. Water absorption
3.4.3.5. Size distribution

4. Mortars with incorporation of wastes: Characteristics of fresh mortars
4.1. Water/binder ratio
4.2. Workability
4.3. Bulk density
4.4. Water retention

5. Mortars with incorporation of wastes: Mechanical behaviour
5.1. Mechanical strength
5.1.1. Compressive strength
5.1.2. Flexural strength
5.1.3. Adherence strength
5.1.4. Impact resistance
5.2. Micro-cracking
5.2.1. Elasticity modulus
5.2.2. Fracture energy
5.2.3. Shrinkage

6. Mortars with incorporation of wastes: Water behaviour
6.1. Liquid water
6.1.1. Water absorption by capillarity
6.1.2. Permeability to water under pressure
6.2. Water vapour
6.2.1. Equivalent air thickness
6.2.2. Unidirectional drying

7. Durability
7.1. Compatibility with substrate
7.2. Aesthetic appearance

8. Life cycle assessment
8.1. Application to mortars
8.2. Case studies

9. References