Dysphagia

Clinical Management in Adults and Children

3rd Edition - July 15, 2020
Authors: Michael E. Groher, Michael A. Crary
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 3 6 4 8 - 3

Master the evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders! Dysphagia: Clinical Management in Adults and Children, 3rd Edition provides the information you need to diagnose… Read more

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Master the evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders! Dysphagia: Clinical Management in Adults and Children, 3rd Edition provides the information you need to diagnose and manage dysphagia in patients of all ages. Emphasizing evidence-based practice, this complete resource covers topics from esophageal disorders to respiratory and iatrogenic disorders. This edition adds a new Aging and Dysphagia chapter and is updated with the latest research and advances in dysphagia management. Written by speech-language pathology educators Michael E. Groher and Michael A. Crary, this guide helps you develop clinical reasoning skills and learn today’s best practices in dysphagia management.

Cover
Title page
Contents
Copyright Page
Contributors
Preface
Part I: Foundations
Chapter 1: Dysphagia Unplugged
What Is Dysphagia?
Incidence and Prevalence
Consequences of Dysphagia
Who Manages Dysphagia?
Levels of Care
Take Home Notes
Chapter 2: Normal Swallowing in Adults
Normal Anatomy
Normal Physiology
Bolus and Delivery Variation
Swallow and Normal Aging
Neurologic Controls of Swallowing
Take Home Notes
Part II: Dysphagia in Adults
Section 1: Causes and Characteristics of Dysphagia
Chapter 3: Aging and Dysphagia
Terminology
Undernutrition
Intervention
Take Home Notes
Chapter 4: Adult Neurologic Disorders
Preliminary Considerations: Swallowing Symptoms and Neurologic Deficits
Cortical Functions
Swallowing Deficits in Hemispheric Stroke Syndromes
Swallowing Deficits in Dementia
Swallowing Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury
Subcortical Functions
Subcortical Functions and Swallowing Impairment: Parkinson’s Disease
Brainstem Functions
Lower Motor Neuron and Muscle Disease
Idiopathic or Iatrogenic Disorders of Swallowing That Resemble Neurogenic Dysphagia
Take Home Notes
Chapter 5: Dysphagia and Head and Neck Cancer
Cancer as a Disease
Treatments for Head and Neck Cancers
Dysphagia and Head and Neck Cancer
Assessment Strategies for Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer
Therapy Strategies for Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer
Take Home Notes
Chapter 6: Esophageal Disorders
Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist
Structural Disorders
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Abnormalities
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Differential Diagnosis
Disorders of the Pharyngeal Esophageal Segment
Pharyngoesophageal Relations
Take Home Notes
Chapter 7: Respiratory Disorders
Background
Artificial airways
Swallowing and Tracheotomy
Aspiration Pneumonia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Take Home Notes
Chapter 8: Iatrogenic Disorders
Background
Postsurgical Causes of Dysphagia
Traumatic Injuries
Medications
Take Home Notes
Section 2: Evaluation of Swallowing
Chapter 9: Clinical Evaluation of Adults
Rationale
Symptoms of dysphagia
Signs of dysphagia
Medical History
Physical Examination
Tests to Detect Aspiration
Standardized Tests
Supplemental Tests
Take Home Notes
Chapter 10: Imaging Swallowing Examinations: Videofluoroscopy and Endoscopy
Considerations for an Imaging Swallowing Examination
Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Examinations
Endoscopic Swallowing Examinations
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Endoscopic Swallowing Study
Direct Comparisons between Fluoroscopic and Endoscopic Swallowing Examinations
Take Home Notes
Section 3: Approaches to Treatment
Chapter 11: Treatment for Adults
General Treatment Considerations
Prepare Your Patient for Therapy: Medical and Surgical Interventions
Which Techniques and What to Consider
Managing Dysphagia Symptoms: Compensation, Rehabilitation, and Prevention
Changing the Swallow: Rehabilitation Approaches
Protecting the Airway: Breath Hold and Supraglottic and Super-Supraglottic Swallows
New Rehabilitation Directions: Exercise Principles and Modalities
Prevention in Dysphagia Management
Final Comments on Using Evidence
Take Home Notes
Chapter 12: Ethical Considerations
Medical Ethics
Tube Feeding
Reasons for Tube Feeding
Weaning from Feeding Tubes
Aspiration Pneumonia
Nonmedical Risks and Benefits
Ethical Dilemmas
Take Home Notes
Part III: Dysphagia in Infants and Children
Chapter 13: Typical Feeding and Swallowing Development in Infants and Children
Development of Head and Neck Anatomy
Development of other Body Systems Involved in Feeding
Development of Feeding Reflexes
Development of Motor and Cognitive Skills Involved in Early Feeding
Breastfeeding
Bottle Feeding
Introduction of Solids
Transition to Mature Mealtime Behavior
Nutrition and Growth Considerations in Infants and Children
Take Home Notes
Chapter 14: Disorders Affecting Feeding and Swallowing in Infants and Children
Swallowing and Dysphagia
Pediatric Feeding Disorders
Interruptions to Early Feeding Development
Respiratory and Cardiac Disorders That May Affect Feeding and Swallowing
Gastrointestinal Disorders That May Affect Feeding and Swallowing
Neurologic Disorders That May Affect Feeding and Swallowing
Congenital Abnormalities That May Affect Feeding and Swallowing
Maternal and Perinatal Conditions That May Affect Child Feeding and Swallowing
Prematurity
Iatrogenic Complications That May Affect Feeding and Swallowing
Other Factors That May Potentially Affect Feeding and Swallowing in Children
Take Home Notes
Chapter 15: Evaluating Feeding and Swallowing in Infants and Children
Members of the Feeding and Swallowing Team
Models of Teamwork
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
Case History
Clinical Feeding Evaluation
Imaging Studies
Other Instrumental Assessments
Assessment Considerations for Infants
Assessment Considerations for Older Children
Assessing Hospitalized Children with Acute Health Issues
Assessing Children in the Community with Chronic Health Issues or Developmental Delay
Take Home Notes
Chapter 16: Treatment of Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Infants and Children
Setting Therapy Goals
Models of Service Delivery
Therapy Focused on Swallowing and Airway Protection
Therapy Interventions for Swallowing Impairments
Therapeutic Compensations for Swallowing Impairments—Use of Thickened Liquids
Therapeutic Compensations for Swallowing Impairments—Alternatives to Thickening Liquids
Therapeutic Compensations for Swallowing Impairments—Modified Foods
Other Aspects of Feeding Therapy
Oral Sensory-Motor Therapy
Mealtime Equipment
Mealtime Positioning
Behavioral Feeding Therapy
Feeding Therapy as Part of Nutritional Supplement Weaning
Therapy Consideration for Infants
Therapy Consideration for Older Children
Working with Hospitalized Children with Acute Health Issues
Working with Children Living in the Community
Measuring Therapy Outcomes
Take Home Notes
Appendix A: Common Bottles
Appendix B: Cervical Auscultation Equipment
Appendix C: Common Cups
Appendix D: Common Pacifier and Oral Toys
Appendix E: Common Spoons for Children
Appendix F: Bottle Nipples
Appendix G: Common Infant Feeding Positions
Appendix H: Common Mealtime Seating Options for Children
Glossary
Index