Digital Health

Contributors xi

List of reviewers xiii

Preface xv

1. Introduction to digital health approach and mHealth applications

for participatory health 1

Mohy Uddin, MD and Shabbir Syed-Abdul, MD, MSc, PhD

References 5

2. Digital health in the era of personalized healthcare:

opportunities and challenges for bringing research and patient

care to a new level 7

Jorge Cancela, PhD, Iliàs Charlafti, MSc, Seya Colloud, PharmD and

Catherine Wu, MSc

1. An introduction to the promise of the digital era 7

2. Opportunities for digital health in the context of personalized healthcare 9

3. Challenges throughout the life cycle of digital health solutions 19

4. Conclusions 27

Acknowledgments 28

Conflicts of interest 28

References 28

3. Wearables, smartphones, and artificial intelligence for digital

phenotyping and health 33

Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo, MSc, MS, Dimitris Spathis, Msc,

Emma A.D. Clifton, PhD and Cecilia Mascolo, PhD

1. Towards digital phenotyping 33

2. Mobile health 34

3. Artificial intelligence 37

4. Toward objective measures of physical behaviors in epidemiology 39

5. Conclusion 49

Acknowledgments 50

References 50

4. Artificial intelligence/machine learning solutions for mobile and

wearable devices 55

Zhenxing Xu, PhD, Bin Yu, PhD and Fei Wang, PhD

1. Mobile and wearable devices 55

2. Different types of data collected by mobile and wearable devices and

applications 57

3. The components of mobile- and wearable devicesebased applications 61

4. The ML solutions for mobile and wearable devices 62

5. Case study : the application of mobile and wearable device data in the

COVID-19 pandemic 69

6. Conclusion 72

Acknowledgment 73

References 73

5. mHealth for research: participatory research applications to

gain disease insights 79

Ipek Ensari, PhD and Noémie Elhadad, PhD

1. Background on research mHealth applications 80

2. User engagement and participatory design in mHealth research 81

3. User engagement strategies and metrics 86

4. Making disease discoveries and insights from self-tracked data 94

5. Conclusion and discussion 96

Acknowledgments 97

References 97

6. Mobile health apps: the quest from laboratory to the market 103

Juan José Lull, PhD, Antonio Martínez-Millana, PhD and

Vicente Traver, PhD

1. Introduction 104

2. Business model 104

3. Context: business models 105

4. From business models to products 106

5. Product dependencies 107

6. Marketing strategy 108

7. Intellectual property rights 109

8. Business scenarios 110

9. Distribution: exploitation models 114

10. Product use cases 115

11. Conclusion 121

References 121

7. mHealth in public health sector: challenges and opportunities

in low- and middle-income countries: a case study of Sri Lanka 123

Pamod Amarakoon, MBBS, Roshan Hewapathirana, MBBS, MSc, PhD and

Vajira H.W. Dissanayake, MBBS, PhD

1. Introduction 124

2. Use of mobile technology in the public health sector: Asian Regional

context 128

3. Opportunities 130

4. Challenges 134

References 141

8. How to use the Integrated-Change Model to design digital

health programs 143

Kei Long Cheung, PhD, Santiago Hors-Fraile, PhD and

Hein de Vries, PhD

1. Theory to understand health behavior 144

2. Integrated-Change Model 148

3. Digital health and tailoring 150

4. Pragmatic methodology to design digital health 151

5. Conclusions 156

References 156

9. Illustration of tailored digital health and potential new avenues 159

Kei Long Cheung, PhD, Santiago Hors-Fraile, PhD and

Hein de Vries, PhD

1. Case of tobacco smoking 160

2. New avenues of computer tailoring 164

3. Use of artificial intelligence to progress computer tailoring 164

4. Conclusions 167

References 168

10. Sustainability of mHealth solutions for healthcare system

strengthening 171

Mohamed-Amine Choukou, PhD

1. Introduction 171

2. mHealth solutions: disruptive technologies as a remedy for a

system under strain 173

3. Digital twin technology as an example of technology-driven

healthcare system change 176

4. mHealth solutions sustainability 177

5. mHealth solutions: path to sustainability 179

6. Conclusion and future directions 181

References 187

11. Digital health regulatory and policy considerations 191

Robert Jarrin, JD and Kapil Parakh, MD, MPH, PhD

1. Learning objectives 191

2. Flow and rationale of the chapter structure 192

3. Fundamentals of government and healthcare 192

4. How the US federal government is organized 192

5. Health and human services law, regulations, and policy 193

6. Government and its impact on digital health 194

7. International regulation of digital health 206

8. Conclusion 207

9. Description of pedagogical elements (e.g., case study,

infographics required, key references) 207

Index 209