Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging: Inside Out
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Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging provides a comprehensive introduction to and a state-of-the-art review of the essential science and signal processing principles of diagnostic ultrasound. The progressive organization of the material serves beginners in medical ultrasound science and graduate students as well as design engineers, medical physicists, researchers, clinical collaborators, and the curious. This it the most comprehensive and extensive work available on the core science and workings of advanced digital imaging systems, exploring the subject in a unified, consistent and interrelated manner. From its antecedents to the modern day use and prospects for the future, this it the most up-to-date text on the subject. Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging provides in-depth overviews on the following major aspects of diagnostic ultrasound: absorption in tissues; acoustical and electrical measurements; beamforming, focusing, and imaging; bioeffects and ultrasound safety; digital imaging systems and terminology; Doppler and Doppler imaging; nonlinear propagation, beams and harmonic imaging; scattering and propagation through realistic tissues; and tissue characterization.
Key Features
- Based on the author's over thirty-five years of experience in developing laboratory methodology and standards and conducting research in ultrasound.
- Conveys the fundamentals of diagnostic ultrasound as well as state-of-the-art reviews of major topics from a historical perspective. Matlab MATLAB problems and examples included.
- MATLAB problems and examples included
Readership
Suitable as a graduate level text for engineering or science students or as a reference for the practicing engineer, scientist or physician engaged in ultrasound research or development
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
Introduction
Echo Ranging of the Body
Ultrasound Portrait Photographers
Ultrasound Cinematographers
Modern Ultrasound Imaging Developments
Enabling Technologies for Ultrasounds Imaging
Ultrasound Imaging Safety
Ultrasound and Other Diagnostic Imaging Modalities
Conclusion
Bibliography
References
2. Overview
Introduction
Fourier Transform
Building Blocks
Central Diagram
References
3. Acoustic Wave Propagation
Introduction to Waves
Plane Waves in Liquids and Solids
Elastic Waves in Solids
Conclusion
Bibliography
References
4. Attenuation
Losses in Tissues
Losses in Both Frequency and Time Domains
Tissue Models
Pulses in Lossy Media
Penetration and Time Gain Compensation
Hooke’s Law for Viscoelastic Media
Wave Equations for Tissues
Referenes
5. Transducers
Introduction to Transducers
Resonant Modes of Transducers
Equivalent Circuit Transducer Model
Transducer Design Considerations
Transducer Pulses
Equations for Piezoelectric Media
Piezoelectric Materials
Comparison of Piezoelectric Materials
Transducer Advanced Topics
Bibliography
References
6. Beamforming
What is Diffraction?
Fresnel Approximation of Spatial Diffraction Integral
Rectangular Aperture
Apodization
Circular Apertures
Focusing
Angular Spectrum of Waves
Diffraction Loss
Limited Diffraction Beam
Bibliography
References
7. Array Beamforming
Why Arrays?
Diffraction in the Time Domain
Circular Radiators in the Time Domain
Arrays
Pulse-Echo Beamforming
Two-Dimensional Arrays
Baffled
General Approaches
Nonideal Array Performance
Bibliography
References
8. Wave Scattering and Imaging
Introduction
Scattering of Objects
Role of Transducer Diffraction and Focusing
Role of Imaging
Bibliography
References
9. Scattering From Tissue and Tissue Characterization
Introduction
Scattering from Tissues
Properties of and Propagation in Heterogeneous Tissue
Array Processing of Scattered Pulse-Echo Signals
Tissue Characterization Methods
Applications of Tissue Characterization
Elastography
Aberration Correction
Wave Equations for Tissue
Bibliography
References
10. Imaging Systems and Applications
Introduction
Trends in Imaging Systems
Major Controls
Block Diagram
Major Modes
Clinical Applications
Transducers and Image Formats
Front End
Scanner
Back End
Advanced Signal Processing
Alternate Imaging System Architectures
Bibliography
References
11. Doppler Models
Introduction
The Doppler Effect
Scattering from Flowing Blood in Vessels
Continuous Wave Doppler
Pulsed Wave Doppler
Comparison of Pulsed and Continuous Wave Doppler
Ultrasound Color Flow Imaging
Non-Doppler Visualization of Blood Flow
Conclusion
Bibliography
References
12. Nonlinear Acoustics and Imaging
Introduction
What is Nonlinear Propagation?
Propagation in a Nonlinear Medium with Losses
Propagation of Beams in Nonlinear Media
Harmonic Imaging
Harmonic Signal Processing
Other Nonlinear Effects
Nonlinear Wave Equations and Simulation Models
Summary
Bibliography
References
13. Ultrasonic Exposimetry and Acoustic Measurements
Introduction to Measurements
Materials Characterization
Transducers
Acoustic Output Measurements
Performance Measurements
Thought Experiments
Bibliography
References
14. Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Introduction
Microbubble as Linear Resonator
Microbubble as Nonlinear Resonator
Cavitation and Bubble Destruction
Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Imaging with Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Therapeutic Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Smart Bubbles
Equations of Motion for Contrast Agents
Conclusions
Bibliography
References
15. Ultrasound-Induced Bioeffects
Introduction
Ultrasound-Induced Bioeffects: Observation to Regulation
Thermal Effects
Mechanical Effects
The Output Display Standard
Comparison of Medical Ultrasound Modalities
Primary and Secondary Ultrasound-Induced Bioeffects
Equations for Predicting Temperature Rise
Conclusions
Bibliography
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 576
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2004
- Published: September 3, 2004
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780080491134
About the Authors
Thomas Szabo
Professor Szabo has contributed to the fundamental understanding and design of surface acoustic wave signal processing devices, to novel means of transduction and measurement for nondestructive evaluation using ultrasound, to seismic signal processing applied to acoustic imaging, and to the research and development of state-of-the-art diagnostic ultrasound imaging systems. He has published over seventy papers in these areas. His current interests in ultrasound are overcoming present limitations in imaging the body and finding new ways of extracting noninvasively diagnostically useful information about tissue structure, health and function. His research includes the following methods: digital beamforming, signal processing, miniature transducer arrays, nonlinear acoustic propagation, ultrasound-induced bioeffects, broadband measurement techniques, simulation and measurement of wave propagation in inhomogeneous media and scanning acoustic microscopy. Dr. Szabo is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, a Senior Life Member of the IEEE, a convenor and U. S. delegate to the International Electrotechnical Commission, and a winner of a best paper award in the IEEE UFFC/SU Transactions.
Affiliations and Expertise
Research Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA, USA
Thomas Szabo
Professor Szabo has contributed to the fundamental understanding and design of surface acoustic wave signal processing devices, to novel means of transduction and measurement for nondestructive evaluation using ultrasound, to seismic signal processing applied to acoustic imaging, and to the research and development of state-of-the-art diagnostic ultrasound imaging systems. He has published over seventy papers in these areas. His current interests in ultrasound are overcoming present limitations in imaging the body and finding new ways of extracting noninvasively diagnostically useful information about tissue structure, health and function. His research includes the following methods: digital beamforming, signal processing, miniature transducer arrays, nonlinear acoustic propagation, ultrasound-induced bioeffects, broadband measurement techniques, simulation and measurement of wave propagation in inhomogeneous media and scanning acoustic microscopy. Dr. Szabo is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, a Senior Life Member of the IEEE, a convenor and U. S. delegate to the International Electrotechnical Commission, and a winner of a best paper award in the IEEE UFFC/SU Transactions.
Affiliations and Expertise
Research Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA, USA
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