Developmental and Cellular Skeletal Biology
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Developmental and Cellular Skeletal Biology reviews the development, growth, and cell biology of the skeleton. The monograph provides a comprehensive overview of the aspects of skeletal biology, focusing mainly on the cellular level. It covers topics on the types of skeletal tissues, its evolution, and origin; location of the skeleton within the embryo; initiation of centers of skeletogenesis; and the initiation of skeletal growth. The book will be of great use to physiologists, cell biologists, hematologists, pathologists, orthopedic surgeons, and others whose professions are concerned with the study of the skeletal system.
Table of Contents
Contents
Preface
1 Types of Skeletal Tissues
I. Introduction
II. Bone
A. Cellular Bone
B. Acellular Bone
III. Cartilage
A. Vertebrate Cartilage
B. Invertebrate Cartilages
IV. Enamel
V. Dentine
VI. Intermediate Tissues
A. Intermediate Tissues Involving Dental Tissues
B. Tissues Intermediate between Bone and Cartilage
C. Histogenesis of Antlers
2 The Evolution of Skeletal Tissues
Text
3 The Origin of Skeletal Cell Types
I. Stem Cells
II. Modulation of Synthetic Activity
A. Fibroblast Transformations
B. Synthetic Activity
C. Degradative Activity
D. Distribution of Actin and Myosin
III. Precursor Cells
A. Fibroblast Colony-Forming Cells
B. Osteogenic Precursor Cells
IV. Specificity of Embryonic Induction
4 Location of the Skeleton within the Embryo
I. Introduction
II. The Skeleton of the Neural Crest
A. Introduction
B. Skeletogenic Capacity of the Neural Crest
C. The Mandibular Skeleton
D. Scleral Cartilage
E. Membrane Bones of the Facial and Cranial Skeleton
F. Antlerogenesis
G. Tooth Development
III. The Limb Skeleton
A. The Directive Role of the Ectoderm
B. Induction by the Mesoderm
C. Maintenance of the Ectodermal Ridge by Mesodermal Factors
IV. The Vertebral Skeleton
A. Introduction
B. The Dermamyotome
C. Interaction between Notochord-Spinal Cord and Sclerotome
D. The Nature of the "Inducer"
V. The Auditory Cartilage
VI. Ectopic Skeletogenesis
A. Transitional Epithelium of the Urinary Bladder
B. Epithelial Cell Lines
5 Initiation of Centers of Skeletogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Mesenchymal Condensations in the Developing Limb Bud
III. Mechanisms Invoked for Initiation of Condensations
IV. Hyaluronic Acid and the Initiation of Condensations
6 Progenitor Cells and their Differentiation
I. Introduction
II. Osteo- and Chondroprogenitor Cells
III. Progenitor Cells for Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
IV. Progenitor Cells for Osteoblasts and Chondroblasts
A. Bipotential Progenitor Cells on the Mammalian Dentary
B. Bipotential Progenitor Cells on Avian Membrane Bones
C. Bipotential Progenitor Cells and Repair of Fractured Bones
V. Dedifferentiation as a Source of Progenitor Cells
A. Dedifferentiation during Amphibian Limb Regeneration
B. Dedifferentiation during Endochondral Bone Formation
VI. The Differentiation of Progenitor Cells
A. Mechanical Stimulation and the Differentiation of Chondroblasts and Chondrocytes
B. Chondrogenesis within the Limb Bud
7 Maintenance of the Differentiated State
I. Introduction
II. Maintenance of the Differentiated Chondrocyte
A. Synthesis of Collagen and Chondroitin Sulfate by the Same Chondrocyte
B. Feedback Control of the Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans
C. Interaction between Glycosaminoglycans and Collagen within the Extracellular Matrix
D. Achondroplasia (Chondrodystrophy)
E. Modulation of the Chondrocytic Phenotype
F. Maintenance of Cartilage Diversity
III. Maintenance of the Differentiated Osteocyte
A. Estrogen and Resorption of the Innominate Bones
B. Isolation of Osteoblastic Cells in Vitro
8 Polarity and Morphogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Establishment of Axes and Polarity during Limb Development
A. Anterior-Posterior (A-P) and Dorsal-Ventral (D-V) Axes
B. Proximodistal (P-D) Polarity
9 Initiation of Skeletal Growth
I. Introduction
II. Components of Skeletal Growth
A. The Number of Stem Cells
B. Rates and Patterns of Cell Proliferation
C. Epigenetic Control
D. Joints as Centers of Skeletal Growth
Appendix
Bibliography
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 314
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1978
- Published: January 1, 1978
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9781483267210
About the Author
Brian K. Hall
I have been interested in and studying skeletal tissues since my undergraduate days in Australia in the 1960s. Those early studies on the development of secondary cartilage in embryonic birds, first published in 1967, have come full circle with the discovery of secondary cartilage in dinosaurs12. Bird watching really is flying reptile watching. Skeletal tissue development and evolution, the embryonic origins of skeletal tissues (especially those that arise from neural crest cells), and integrating development and evolution in what is now known as evo-devo have been my primary preoccupations over the past 50+ years.
Affiliations and Expertise
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS Canada
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