Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Cannabinoid Hyperemesis

1st Edition - July 14, 2022
Editors: William L. Hasler, David J. Levinthal, Thangam Venkatesan
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 5 9 7 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 7 4 0 - 5

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Cannabinoid Hyperemesis comprehensively reviews the clinical features and pathophysiology of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and cannabinoid hyperemes… Read more

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Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Cannabinoid Hyperemesis comprehensively reviews the clinical features and pathophysiology of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). This book differentiates the clinical presentation of CVS and CHS from other vomiting syndromes and provides the information necessary to diagnose and effectively treat these disorders.

Compiled by expert CVS/CHS clinicians and written by physicians and researchers from several disciplines, this reference provides the most updated, evidence-based approaches, and summarizes the latest research on CVS/CHS. Important topics such as the neural systems that drive nausea and vomiting, clinical features of CVS/CHS including its subtypes, insights into pathogenesis, as well as the curious association of hot-water bathing associated with both of these disorders are all explored.

This is a must-have reference for residents and fellows in training, as well as busy clinicians who care for patients with CVS and CHS across multiple care settings including ambulatory clinics, the emergency department, hospitals, and substance use/abuse treatment centers. It is also a useful reference for investigators with an interest in these vomiting disorders.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Foreword
1. Cyclic vomiting syndrome health experiences among patients and their caregivers
Abstract
1.1 A mother’s story
1.2 Patient perceptions about causes of cyclic vomiting syndrome
1.3 Cyclic vomiting syndrome onset and symptoms
1.4 Receiving a diagnosis
1.5 Triggers for episodes
1.6 Impact of cyclic vomiting syndrome on the day-to-day life of patients
1.7 Impact on caregivers of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome
1.8 Perception about treatment in acute/urgent care
1.9 Importance of health-care knowledge
1.10 Hope and support
1.11 A revelation—February 2021
References
2. Central nervous system pathways of nausea and vomiting
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Dynamic threshold
2.3 Central mediation of nausea and the role of the nucleus tractus solitarii
2.4 Afferent input into the nucleus tractus solitarii
2.5 Efferent output from the nucleus tractus solitarii
2.6 Cyclic vomiting syndrome
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Clinical features of cyclic vomiting syndrome
Abstract
3.1 History of cyclic vomiting syndrome
3.2 Epidemiology
3.3 Cyclic vomiting syndrome symptom presentation
3.4 Associated symptoms
3.5 Temporal patterns of vomiting
3.6 Triggers of cyclic vomiting syndrome attacks
3.7 Comorbid conditions
3.8 Cyclic vomiting syndrome diagnostic criteria
3.9 Conclusion
References
4. Cyclic vomiting syndrome subtypes—do they provide insight into cyclic vomiting syndrome pathogenesis?
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome subtypes
4.3 Cyclic vomiting syndrome subtypes: different roads leading toward a common destination
References
5. Clinical and pathophysiological relationship between migraines and cyclic vomiting syndrome
Abstract
5.1 Overview of relationship between cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraines
5.2 Clinical features of migraine headaches
5.3 Epidemiology of migraine headaches and cyclic vomiting syndrome
5.4 Pathophysiology of migraine headaches
5.5 Treatment of migraine headaches
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. Psychosocial contributors to cyclic vomiting syndrome
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Psychological and social aspects of cyclic vomiting syndrome
6.3 Stress and cyclic vomiting syndrome
6.4 Quality of life
6.5 School and work accommodations
6.6 Psychiatric comorbidity
6.7 Cannabis use and cyclic vomiting syndrome
6.8 Psychological and psychiatric treatment
6.9 Symptom assessment
6.10 Summary
References
7. Treatment of acute cyclic vomiting syndrome attacks
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The four phases of CVS
7.3 Approach to treatment of an acute CVS episode
7.4 Medications commonly used as abortive treatments for CVS
7.5 Treatment modifications for selected patient populations
7.6 Supportive treatment of CVS in the hospital setting
7.7 Conclusions
7.8 Future directions
References
8. Prevention of recurrent cyclic vomiting syndrome episodes
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 How might cyclic vomiting syndrome prophylactic therapies work?
8.3 Adult cyclic vomiting syndrome prophylaxis in the current era
8.4 Prevention of cyclic vomiting syndrome episodes in pediatric patients
8.5 Treating women with cyclic vomiting syndrome who are of childbearing age or are pregnant
8.6 Nonpharmacologic approaches to preventing cyclic vomiting syndrome attacks
8.7 Major questions and future directions
References
9. Clinical features of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Abstract
9.1 History of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
9.2 Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome symptom presentation
9.3 Associated behaviors and symptoms
9.4 Diagnosis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
9.5 Cannabis use profiles in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
9.6 Epidemiology
9.7 Working toward a more clinically useful definition of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
9.8 Conclusion
References
10. How common is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and why is it so hard to diagnose?
Abstract
10.1 Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome diagnostic criteria
10.2 Epidemiology
10.3 Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome as a substance-induced functional GI disorder
10.4 Why is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome hard to diagnose?
10.5 How will future diagnostic criteria evolve to more reliably diagnose cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
10.6 Summary
References
11. Proposed mechanisms of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome—how can cannabinoid pathways both relieve and cause vomiting?
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Gut-brain axis pathways involved in CHS
11.3 Cannabinoid receptor biology
11.4 Potential mechanisms for development of CHS
11.5 Conclusions and future directions
References
12. The curious association of hot-water bathing with cyclic vomiting and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndromes
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 History and epidemiology
12.3 Effects of hot-bathing behavior
12.4 Thermoregulation in humans
12.5 Nausea and thermoregulation
12.6 Cannabis, endocannabinoids, and thermoregulation
12.7 Postulated mechanisms for hot-water bathing responses in CVS and CHS
12.8 Conclusions
References
13. Management of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome—is it more than just avoiding cannabis use?
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Pathophysiology
13.3 Diagnostic criteria
13.4 Epidemiology
13.5 Treatment modalities
13.6 Special considerations
13.7 Conclusion
References
Further reading
14. Role of the emergency department in cyclic vomiting syndrome and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome care
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome symptoms and other factors that mandate emergency department care
14.3 Devising a personalized care plan
14.4 Negotiating the patient relationship with the hospital
14.5 Patient empowerment
14.6 Conclusion
References
15. What can be accomplished to advance the field?
15.1 Spotlight on cyclic vomiting syndrome and cannabinoid hyperemesis
15.2 Areas of need for investigation
15.3 Epidemiology
15.4 Pathophysiology and associated comorbid conditions
15.5 Clinical features and diagnostic evaluation
15.6 Treatment
15.7 Moving forward
References
Index

William L. Hasler

William L. Hasler, MD is a Professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. Dr. Hasler’s research focuses on nausea and vomiting and the pathophysiology of gastric motility disorders, and he is an internationally recognized expert in clinical and translational research in CVS and gastroparesis. He serves as a lead advisor to the Rome Foundation and has helped craft the clinical descriptions of CVS and CHS in adults. He also provided pivotal input to develop the first clinical guidelines on the management of CVS in adults

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, United States

David J. Levinthal

David J. Levinthal, MD, PhD is an Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Dr. Levinthal’s research focuses on the neural mechanisms of brain-gut interactions and autonomic function, and he is involved in clinical and translational research in CVS. He serves as a Counselor of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society, a Medical Advisor of the Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Association, and helped to develop the first clinical guidelines on the management of CVS in adults.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Director, Neurogastroenterology and Motility Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, United States

Thangam Venkatesan

Thangam Venkatesan, MD is Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. Patients with CVS travel across the US and beyond to access her well-established CVS center. As a leading CVS expert, she serves as the Chief Medical Advisor of the Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Association and spearheaded the first clinical guidelines on the management of CVS in adults. She conducts clinical and translational research to develop better therapies for patients with CVS around the world.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Director – Section of Neurogastroenterology and Motility