Cyclic AMP

Cyclic AMP provides information pertinent to cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP), a regulatory agent that controls the rate of a number of cellular processes. This book discusses the heat-stable factor mediating the action of glucagon and epinephrine on the activation of liver phosphorylase. Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the biological role of cyclic AMP, which is extended from a relatively simple role in liver glycogenolysis to a significant regulatory agent in most mammalian tissues. This text then discusses the development that led to the discovery of the heat-stable factor from investigations with cyclic nucleotides. Other chapters explore the chemical agents, which are released from one group of cells and travel via the bloodstream to affect one or more different groups of cells. The final chapter discusses the role of cyclic AMP to mammalian physiology, with emphasis on the many possible defects that may lead to human disease. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and clinical investigators involved in biological and biomedical sciences.

Preface

Chapter 1. An Introduction

I. Glycogenolysis

II. Activation of Phosphorylase

III. Chemical Nature of Phosphorylase Activation

IV. The Identification of Cyclic AMP

Chapter 2. Cyclic AMP and Hormone Action

I. Introduction

II. Hormones

III. Receptors and Second Messengers

IV. The Intracellular Level of Cyclic AMP

V. Experimental Approaches Used in the Study of Hormones which Stimulate Adenyl Cyclase

VI. Two Major Problems

VII. Addendum

Chapter 3. Chemistry of Cyclic Nucleoside Phosphates and Synthesis of Analogs

I. Chemistry of Cyclic Nucleoside Phosphates

II. Derivatives of Cyclic AMP

III. Recent Progress

Chapter 4. Formation and Metabolism of Cyclic AMP

I. Adenyl Cyclase

II. Phosphodiesterase

III. Addendum

Chapter 5. Some Actions of Cyclic AMP

I. Introduction

II. Effects of Exogenously Administered Cyclic AMP

III. Effects on Enzymes

IV. Effects on Protein Synthesis

V. Other Effects of Cyclic AMP

VI. Addendum

Chapter 6. The Catecholamines

I. Introduction

II. Adrenergic Receptors

III. Effects on Carbohydrate Metabolism

IV. The Calorigenic Effect

V. Some Other Metabolic Effects

VI. Some Functional Effects of Adrenergic Stimulation

VII. Other Factors Influencing Adrenergic Responses Involving Cyclic AMP

VIII. General Considerations and Summary

IX. Addendum

Chapter 7. Glucagon and Insulin

I. Introduction

II. Glucagon

III. Insulin

IV. Addendum

Chapter 8. Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue

I. Introduction

II. The Role of Cyclic AMP in the Actions of Lipolytic Hormones

III. Agents which Decrease Cyclic AMP Levels and Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue

IV. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

V. Other Factors Controlling Lipolysis which May Involve Cyclic AMP Directly or Indirectly

VI. Summary

VII. Addendum

Chapter 9. Cyclic AMP and Steroidogenesis

I. Introduction

II. The Adrenal Cortex

III. Cyclic AMP and Steroidogenesis in the Gonads

IV. Summary

V. Addendum

Chapter 10. Other Hormones

I. Vasopressin

II. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

III. MSH and Melatonin

IV. Hormones Regulating Calcium Homeostasis

V. Gastrointestinal Hormones

VI. Histamine

VII. Serotonin

VIII. Acetylcholine

IX. The Prostaglandins

X. Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones

XI. Thyroid Hormone

XII. Steroid Hormones

XIII. Growth Hormone

XIV. Some Bacterial and Plant Products

XV. Summary

Chapter 11. Other Cyclic Nucleotides

I. Introduction

11. Methods of Detection

III. Cyclic GMP in Tissues

IV. Guanyl Cyclase

V. Hydrolysis of Cyclic GMP by Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase(s)

VI. Effects of Cyclic GMP

VII. Cyclic GMP and Cyclic AMP in Urine

VIII. Summary

IX. Addendum

Chapter 12. Cyclic AMP in Lower Organisms

I. Introduction

II. Bacteria

III. Cellular Slime Molds

IV. Cancer

V. Other Organisms

VI. Concluding Remarks

Appendix

References

Subject Index