Contamination in Tissue Culture

1st Edition - January 1, 1973
Editor: Jorgen Fogh
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 5 6 9 8 - 1

Contamination in Tissue Culture covers the sources, prevention, detection, and elimination of contamination in tissue culture. Composed of 12 chapters, the book describes the… Read more

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Contamination in Tissue Culture covers the sources, prevention, detection, and elimination of contamination in tissue culture. Composed of 12 chapters, the book describes the frequency of occurrence of contamination and the many different effects of contamination on cultured cells. After introducing the intraspecies contamination of cell cultures, the book explains a specific type of contamination, such as bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic contamination. A chapter in this book describes the reversible and irreversible alterations of cultured FL human amnion cells after experimental mycoplasmal infection. Chapters 9 and 10 examine the occurrence of tissue culture contaminants by electron microscopy and procedures for isolating and identifying viral contaminants. The concluding chapter covers sterility tests of media and solutions for tissue culture and the use of antibiotics. It also summarizes the major developments made as well as future challenges in the field. This book will be helpful to investigators, teachers, students, and technicians within the many disciplines of cell biology, physiology, cytology, virology, immunology, genetics, oncology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics, in which tissue and cell cultures are used, either as the primary object of research or as tools.

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Extrinsic Cell Contamination of Tissue Culture

I. Introduction

II. Interspecies Identification of Cell Cultures

III. Intraspecies Identification of Cell Cultures

IV. Current Status of Cell Contamination

References

Chapter 2. Methods of Prevention of Bacterial, Fungal, and Other Contaminations

I. Source of Infection

II. Procedures within the Transfer Room

III. Laminar Flow Transfer Room

IV. Aseptic Technique

V. Antibiotics

VI. Summary

References

Chapter 3. Contamination of Tissue Culture by Bacteria and Fungi

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References

Chapter 4. Contaminants Demonstrated by Microscopy of Living Tissue Cultures or of Fixed and

Stained Tissue Culture Preparations

I. Preparation of Cell Cultures for Microscopy

II. Methods of Microscopy

III. Photomicrographs Illustrating Various Types of Contaminants in Cell Cultures 69

IV. Review of Data Obtained by Microscopy of Mycoplasma-Infected Cultures after Hypotonic Treatment and Orcein Staining

References

Chapter 5. Contamination of Mammalian Cells in Culture by Mycoplasmata

I. Introduction

II. Biology of the Mycoplasmatales

III. Epidemiology of the Contamination of Cell Cultures with Mycoplasmata

IV. Host-Parasite Relationship of Mycoplasmata and Mammalian Cells

V. Effect of Mycoplasmata on Cell Cultures

VI. Elimination of Mycoplasmata from Cell Cultures

VII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 6. Mycoplasmal Contamination of Cell Cultures: Mycoplasma-Virus-Cell Culture Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Classification

III. Detecting Cell Culture Contamination

IV. Mycoplasmal Contamination

V. Interactions between Mycoplasmas and Animal Cells

VI. Mycoplasma-Virus-Cell Interactions

References

Chapter 7. Reversible and Irreversible Alterations of Cultured FL Human Amnion Cells after

Experimental Mycoplasmal Infection

I. Effects of Mycoplasmal Infection on the in Vitro Growth of FL Cells

II. In Vitro Growth and Susceptibility to Mycoplasmal Infection of Previously

Mycoplasma-Infected Cells from which Mycoplasmas Have Been Eliminated

III. Chromosome Changes following Mycoplasmal Infection of FL Cells

IV. Reduced Tumor-Producing Capacity of Mycoplasma-Modified FL Cells

V. Effects of Mycoplasmas on SV40 Transformation of Human Amnion Cells

VI. Decreased Resistance of Transformed Human Cells to the Destructive Effects of Mycoplasmal Infection

VII. Cell-Associated Mycoplasmas: Preferential Attachment to Transformed Cells and Cells of Malignant Origin

VIII. Discussion of Results

References

Chapter 8. Contamination in Tissue Culture by Parasites

I. Introduction

II. Identification of the Amoebae

III. Source of Contamination

IV. Methods of Detection, Prevention, and Cure

V. Summary

References

Chapter 9. Identification of Tissue Culture Contaminants by Electron Microscopy

I. Introduction

II. Examples of Tissue Culture Contaminations Observed under the Electron Microscope

III. Normal Particulate Cell Organelles of Viral Size

IV. Abnormal Cell Structures of Possible Viral Significance

V. Methods of Electron Microscopic Identification of Viral Contaminants

References

Chapter 10. Endogenous Virus Contaminants in Fetal Bovine Serum and Their Role in Tissue

Culture Contamination

I. Introduction

II. Target Viruses

III. Procedures for Isolating and Identifying Viral Contaminants

IV. Results

V. Discussion and Conclusions

References

Chapter 11. The Presence of Viruses in Uninoculated Tissue Cultures: Sources and Methods of

Detection

I. Introduction

II. Passenger, Indigenous, and Cryptic Viruses

III. The Relationship of Viruses to an Ability of Cells to Grow in Culture

IV. Significance of the Presence of Viruses Inherent to Cultured Cells

V. Detection of Viruses Indigenous to Cultured Cells

References

Chapter 12. Summary

I. Introduction

II. Types and Sources of Contamination

III. Sterility Tests of Media and Solutions

IV. Detection and Identification of Contaminants

V. Prevention of Contamination

VI. Treatment of Contaminated Cultures

VII. Use of Antibiotics

VIII. Effects of Contaminants on Cell Cultures

IX. Concluding Remarks

Reference

Author Index

Subject Index