Communication Services via Satellite

Preface to the Second EditionPreface to the First EditionAcknowledgements1 The Basic Concepts 1.1 Advantages of Satellite Communications 1.2 Orbits in Use 1.3 Frequencies Used 1.4 Maximising the Availability of the Frequency Spectrum 1.5 System Constraints Imposed by Transponder Characteristics 1.6 Characteristics of Modulation Systems 1.7 Companding 1.8 Energy Dispersal 1.9 Digital Modulation Systems 1.10 Up and Down-Link Frequencies2 Noise and Interference 2.1 Noise Sources 2.2 System Noise Factor 2.3 Equivalent Noise Temperature 2.4 Comparison of Noise Factor and Noise Temperature 2.5 Atmospheric Effects 2.6 Interference with Analogue Signals 2.7 Signal to Noise Ratios 2.8 Interference with Digital Channels3 Electromagnetic Waves, Propagation and Antennas 3.1 Energy in Free Space 3.2 Polarisation and the Two Components of the E Field 3.3 Primary Properties of Antennas 3.4 Secondary Antenna Properties 3.5 Choice of Antenna Type 3.6 Helical Antennas 3.7 Reflection, Refraction, Depolarisation and Feeds 3.8 Frequency Selective Surfaces and Planar Antennas 3.9 Fresnel Zone Plate Antennas 3.10 Signal Strength Contour Maps or Footprints 3.11 Antenna Pointing and Mounting4 Microwave Circuit Elements 4.1 Transmission Lines 4.2 Waveguides 4.3 Resonant Cavities 4.4 Coupling to Cavities and Waveguides 4.5 Circulators and Isolators 4.6 Dielectric Resonators 4.7 Microwave Circuit Substrates and Transmission Lines 4.8 Some Microwave Circuit Elements 4.9 Active Devices5 Digital Signal Processing 5.1 Analogue and Digital Signalling Compared 5.2 Sampling and Quantisation 5.3 Non-Linear Quantisation 5.4 Quantising ac Signals 5.5 Pulse Spectra 5.6 Baseband Code Formats 5.7 Data Error Control 5.8 Pseudo Random Binary Sequences 5.9 Bit Rate Reduction/Bandwidth Conservation 5.10 Quadrature Mirror Filters and Sub-Band Coding 5.11 Transform Coding6 Digital and Digital/Analogue Communications Systems 6.1 Systems Overview 6.2 Facsimile System 6.3 Satellite Weather and Environmental Services 6.4 Mobile Systems 6.5 Satellite Navigation Systems 6.6 Satellite News Gathering (SNG) 6.7 Videoconferencing 6.8 Bandwidth Compression Video Codec 6.9 Small System Satellite Services (S4) 6.10 Global Business Services7 Television Systems 7.1 Review of Current Systems 7.2 Improved Processing of Current Systems 7.3 Digit 2000 System 7.4 Multiplexed Analogue Components Systems 7.5 High Definition Television Developments8 Television Receivers and Distribution Systems 8.1 Outdoor Electronics Unit 8.2 TV Receivers SAT-TEL Models PRK-2 and PRK-2000 8.3 Frequency Synthesis Tuning 8.4 TV Receivers DRAKE Series II Models (1024, 1224 and 1424) 8.5 Threshold Extension Demodulators 8.6 Television Distribution Techniques 8.7 An Alternative to Cable Delivery9 Television and Radio Audio Channels 9.1 Towards Stereo TV 9.2 The Learning System 9.3 Broadcast Television System Committee/Multichannel Television Sound System 9.4 Japanese FM-FM System 9.5 Multi-Carrier Channel Operation 9.6 Wegener 1600 Stereo System 9.7 Warner Amex System 9.8 West German Dual Channel Stereo System 9.9 Gorizont Sound Channels 9.10 Dolby Adaptive Delta Modulation Digital Audio System 9.11 C-MAC (Packet) Sound Channels 9.12 D-MAC/D2-MAC Sound Channels 9.13 Vertical Interval Multiple Channel Audio System (VIM-CAS) 9.14 Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM-728) 9.15 Wegener SDM 2000 Digital Audio Transmission System 9.16 Sound Radio Broadcasting Via Satellite10 Information Security and Conditional Access 10.1 General Introduction 10.2 Spread Spectrum Techniques 10.3 Scrambling and Encryption 10.4 Conditional Access and Television Services 10.5 Controlled Access in Operation11 Installation and Servicing 11.1 Initial Survey 11.2 Mechanical Considerations 11.3 Antenna/LNB Combination 11.4 Alignment of the Antenna Assembly 11.5 Surface Mounted Devices 11.6 Control of Static in the Servicing Environment 11.7 Servicing the LNB 11.8 Servicing the Main ReceiversAppendix 1 A1.1 Geostationary Orbits A1.2 Elliptical Orbits A1.3 FM/AM Noise Advantages A1.4 De-Emphasis A1.5 Signals in the Presence of NoiseAppendix 2 A2.1 Noise Performance of Cascaded StagesAppendix 3 A3.1 The Universal Antenna Constant A3.2 Approximate Beamwidth for Parabolic Reflector Antennas A3.3 Azimuth/Elevation Angles by Calculator A3.4 Calculation of Angle of Elevation a for Simple Polar Mounts A3.5 Modified Polar MountAppendix 4 A4.1 Quantisation NoiseAppendix 5 A5.1 Microwave Frequency Bands ClassificationIndex