Clinical Immunobiology

List of Contributors

Preface

Structure-Function Relations in the Lymphoid System

I. Introduction

II. The Two-Component Concept

III. Development of B and T Cells

IV. Major Function of T Cells

V. Location and Nature of T Cells

VI. Distribution of T Cells

VII. The Nature and Distribution of B Cells

VIII. Development and Structure of the Thymus

IX. Functions of the Thymus

X. T-Cell Markers

XI. B-Cell Markers

XII. Structure and Function of the Bursa

XIII. The Bursal Equivalent

XIV. T-Cell-B-Cell Interactions

XV. Involution of the Immunological Systems

XVI. Immunodeficiency Diseases of Man in Light of the Differentiation of T and B Cells

XVII. The Crucial Experiments of Nature

References

The Immunoglobulins

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Study

III. Problems of Heterogeneity

IV. Nomenclature

V. Antigenic Markers

VI. Gross Structural Relations

VII. Metabolism and Distribution of the Immunoglobulins

VIII. Function of Immunoglobulins and Structure-Function Relationships

IX. Cell Surface Immunoglobulins and Receptors

X. Phylogeny and Ontogeny

XI. Conclusion

Cellular Immunity

I. Introduction

II. Some Definitions and the Ingredients of the Reaction

III. Cellular Immunity—A Basis for Immunological Homeostasis

IV. Immunological Surveillance and Tumor Espionage

V. Microbial Parasitism and Self + χ Linkage—An Invitation to Autoimmunity

VI. Mechanisms of Cellular Immunity—in Vivo Expressions

VII. In Vitro Correlates of Cellular Immunity and Their Mediators

VIII. In Vivo Realities—The Scope of Cellular Immunity

IX. Immunological Amnesia—The Price of Immunosuppression

X. Deciphering the Language of Cells

XI. Cellular Ecology—Waste Disposal and the Loss of Immunological Virginity

XII. Cries of Relevance and Immunological Reconstitution

XIII. Conclusion

References

Transplantation Immunology

I. Introduction

II. Mechanisms of Rejection

III. Physiological Consequences of Classic Rejection

IV. Immunosuppression

V. Changing Host-Graft Relationships

VI. Graft Pretreatment

VII. Histocompatibility Typing in Patients

VIII. Is Clinical Organ Transplantation Practical?

References

Immunological Tolerance

I. Introduction

II. Relevance to Medicine

III. T and B Lymphocytes

IV. Antibody Affinity

V. Protein Antigens

VI. Pneumococcal Polysaccharide

VII. Antigen-Binding Cells in Tolerant Animals

VIII. In Vitro Tests for Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

IX. Blocking and Unblocking Serum Factors

X. Induced Tolerance to Allogeneic Cells

XI. Chimerism

XII. Transplanted Organs

XIII. Viruses and Virus-Induced Tumors

XIV. Tolerance to Foreign Red Blood Cells

XV. Tolerance to Skin Sensitizers

XVI. T-Cell Control

XVII. Ontogeny of Immune Responsiveness

XVIII. Development of Autoimmunity

XIX. In Vitro Studies of Tolerance and Underlying Mechanisms

References

Inflammation

I. Introduction

II. Vascular Phase

III. Cellular Phase

IV. Lymphatics

V. Mediators

VI. Control of Inflammation

VII. Chronic Inflammation

VIII. Conclusion

References

Fundamental Immunogenetics—Their Application to Histocompatibility

I. Introduction

II. Basic Genetics

III. Genes and Antigens

IV. Transplantation Genetics in the Mouse

V. Histocompatibility in Man

VI. Addendum

Humoral Amplification Systems in Inflammation

I. Introduction

II. Complement

III. Kinin-Generating System

IV. Concluding Comments

References

Immunosuppression

Introduction

I. Agents or Methods That Do Not Discriminate for Lymphocytes

II. Agents That Discriminate for Lymphocytes

III. Agents That Discriminate for Macrophages

IV. Agents That Discriminate between Lymphocyte Subpopulations

V. Agents That Discriminate for Specific Reactive Lymphocyte Clones

Miscellaneous Comments

References

Tumor Immunology

I. Introduction

II. Critical Demonstration of Specific Defense Reactions against Experimental Tumors

III. Tumor-Associated Antigens in Virus-Induced Experimental Neoplasms

IV. In Vitro Approaches

V. Escapes

VI. Studies on Human Tumors

VII. Etiological Clues

References

Allergy

I. Introduction

II. The Target Cells

III. The Antibodies

IV. The Allergens

V. Mediators

VI. The Interaction between Cell-Bound IgE and Allergen

VII. Mechanism of Mediator Release by the IgE-Allergen Interaction

VIII. The Relation of Intrinsic Asthma to the Allergic Response

IX. The Clinical Diagnosis of Allergic Diseases

X. The Pharmacological Therapy of Allergic Diseases

XI. The Immunological Therapy of Allergic Diseases

References

Immunological Deficiency Disease

I. Introduction

II. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

III. Infantile X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

IV. Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy

V. Selective Immunoglobulin Deficiencies

VI. X-Linked Immunodeficiency wity Hyper-IgM

VII. Congenital Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge’s Syndrome)

VIII. Episodic Lymphopenia with Lymphocytotoxin

IX. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

X. Hereditary Ataxia-Telangiectasia

XI. Immunodeficiency with Normal or Hyperimmunoglobulinemia

XII. Immunodeficiency with Short-Limbed Dwarfism

XIII. Immunodeficiency with Thymona

XIV. Common, Variable, Unclassifiable Immunodeficiency

XV. Secondary Defects in Immunity

XVI. Summary

References

Subject Index