Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes

General endocrinology

Introduction

The thyroid
The thyroid: basic concepts
Growths: goitres and cancer
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism

The pituitary
The pituitary: basic concepts
Hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus
Non-functioning pituitary and hypothalamic tumours
Functioning tumours
Obesity and hypothalamic regulation of weight
Non-endocrine illness and hormones

The adrenal gland
Adrenal and endocrine hypertension: basic concepts
Primary hypoadrenalism: Addison's disease
Conn’s syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome
Adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Adrenal medulla: phaeochromocytoma

Sex and fertility
Sex and fertility: basic concepts
Male hypogonadism
Female hypogonadism
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Infertility

Pancreas
Endocrine pancreas

Calcium and bone
Calcium and bone: basic concepts
Hypercalcaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Osteoporosis

Diabetes mellitus

Basic principles
What is diabetes?
Glucose homeostasis and insulin action
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Prevention and screening for diabetes mellitus

Complications of diabetes mellitus
Complications I: basic concepts
Complications II: pathophysiology
Avoiding vascular complications
Diabetic neuropathy

Examining the patient
Principles of examination

Managing complications
Management of neuropathy and infections
Management of erectile dysfunction
The diabetic foot
Diabetic eye disease
The diabetic kidney
Emergencies in diabetes mellitus

Managing the disease
Principles of management
Non-pharmacological management
Pharmacological treatment I
Pharmacological treatment II
Insulin treatment I
Insulin treatment II
Hypoglycaemia resulting from treatment
Sex and pregnancy
Problems in neonates and children
The elderly and ethnic groups