Classifications and Historical Studies

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. Conceptual Models

Chapter 3. Classifications of Strata-Bound Ore Deposits

Introduction

General Statement

Parameters for Classification

Classification by Major Controlling Process

Classification by Direct Emplacement Mechanism

Classification by Host Lithology

Classification by Chemical Reactivity

Classification by Source of Metals

Classification by Source of Transporting Fluids

Classification by Direction of Transporting Fluids

Classification by Relative Age of Deposit and Host

Common Denominator of Classifications

Classification Adopted-Geometric and Stratigraphic Conformity

Description

Inferences

References

Chapters Some Transitional Types of Mineral Deposits in Volcanic and Sedimentary Rocks

Introduction

A Classification of Deposits of Copper and Associated Metals

Deposits in Orogenic Belts

Deposits in Cratonic Rocks

Examples of Transitional Series of Mineral Deposits

General Statement

Deposits Associated with Volcanic Rocks, Chert and Greywacke

Deposits Associated with "Alteration Pipes"

Deposits in Alteration Pipes and Interbedded with Layered Volcanic Rocks

Bedded Massive Sulphides

Deposits Associated with Volcanic and Sedimentary Rocks

The Bathurst-Newcastle District

North Coldstream Mine

Mount Isa

Sullivan, B.C

Deposits Associated with Volcanic and Calcareous Rock and Greywacke

Meggen

Rammelsberg

Balmat and Edwards District

The Tynagh Deposit

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5. Development of Syngenetic Ideas in Australia

Introduction

Background and Synopsis

Chronology of Events

Growth of Ideas

Broken Hill

Other Deposits

Gaps in the Geologic History

Summary and Conclusion

References and Bibliography

Chapter 6. Origin, Development, and Changes in Concepts of Syngenetic Ore Deposits as Seen by North American Geologists

Introduction

Chronological Outline of the Development in Concepts of Syngenetic Ores

The Lindgren Volume

1931-1937. Early Work

1937-1950. An Hiatus

1951-1956. Syngenesis Versus Epigenesis

1957. Source Beds

Mid 1950's. Uranium in Ancient Conglomerates

Late 1950's. Massive Sulfide Deposits. 1958. Volcanic-Exhalative Ores

1960. Syngenesis Versus Epigenesis

1960. Uranium in Ancient Conglomerates

1960. Sulfur-Isotope Ratios

1960. Uranium in Ancient Conglomerates

1960. Syngenesis Versus Epigenesis

1960. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1961-1963. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1963. Diplogenesis

1963. Water of Compaction

1964. Uranium in Ancient Conglomerates

1964. Connate Brines

1964. Organic Reefs

1964. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1965. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1965. Sulfur-Isotope Ratios

1965. Strata-Bound Ores and Evaporites

1965. Sulfur-Isotope Ratios

1965. Volcanic-Exhalative Ores

1965. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1965. Sulfur-Isotope Ratios

1965. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1966. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1966. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1966. Sulfur-Isotope Ratios

1966. Syngenesis, Epigenesis, and Metamorphism

1966-1968. Syngenesis and Diagenesis

1968. Uranium in Ancient Conglomerates

1968. Diagenesis

1968. Meteoric Water

1968. Ore Fluids

1969. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1969. Diagenesis

1969. Ore Brines

1969. Sea water Depths

1969. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1969. Metamorphism of Ore Bodies

1969-1970. Syngenesis and Diagenesis

1970. Ore Fluids

1970. Kuroko Deposits

1970. Uranium Deposits in Various Rock Types

1971. Diagenesis

1971. Massive Sulfide Deposits-Classification

1971. Syngenesis

1971-1972. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1972. Sea-Floor Fe-Mn Nodules

1972. Syngenesis

1972. Massive Sulfide Deposits (and Porphyry Coppers)

1972. Sulfer-Isotope Ratios

1972. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1973. Syngenesis Versus Epigenesis

1973. Ore Brines

1973. Sulfur Isotopes

1973. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1973. Syngenesis Versus Epigenesis

1973. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1973. Volcanic-Exhalative Ores

1973. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1973. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1973. Massive Sulfide Deposits

1974. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

1974. Sulfide Diffusion

1974. Volcanic-Exhalative Deposits

Conclusions

References

Topical Index

Chapter 7. Summary of the French School of Studies of Ores in Sedimentary and Associated Volcanic Rocks-Epigenesis Versus Syngenesis

Introduction

The Case of the Kupferschiefer

The Trap Structures

The Marine Traps

The Continental Traps

The Exceptional Metalliferous Supplies

Terrigenous Supply

Vulcanogenous Supply

Thalassogenous Supply

Fluidogenous Supply

The Post-Sedimentary Transformations

Diagenesis of Sedimentary Metalliferous Concentrations

Metamorphism of Sulfide Mineralizations (Particularly, Synsedimentary Concentrations Deposited in a Geosynclinal Environment)

Conclusion

References

Classifications and Historical Studies is a collection of papers dealing with theoretical and applied ore petrology. One paper discusses the use of conceptual models in geology such as the diagrammatic/pictorial, the flow-chart, and the tabular types of conceptualizations. Another paper describes some transitional types of mineral deposits in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Concentrations of copper minerals and commonly associated metals form deposits associated with orogenic belts and cratonic regions. The paper points out that many major groups of mineral deposits grade into other groups through occurrences with intermediate or transitional characteristics. It suggests a classification method of mineral deposits based on the observable features of the mineral deposits rather than their inferred genesis. One paper reviews the theory of magmatic—hydrothermal replacement origin of stratiform sulfide ore bodies. The review covers concepts of certain major ore deposits as being independent and isolated phenomena to regarding a wide range of deposits as contemporaneous, indigenous, and related to their environments. Another paper points out that according to North American geologists, certain types of ore deposits are formed syngenetically and are subjected to the same metamorphic events that affect the ores in which they are enclosed. The collection can be valuable to researchers, technical designers, or engineers whose works are related with oil refinery and fossil fuels, as well as to students majoring in geology.