Classical Thermodynamics of Non-Electrolyte Solutions

Classical Thermodynamics of Non-Electrolyte Solutions covers the historical development of classical thermodynamics that concerns the properties of vapor and liquid solutions of non-electrolytes. Classical thermodynamics is a network of equations, developed through the formal logic of mathematics from a very few fundamental postulates and leading to a great variety of useful deductions.
This book is composed of seven chapters and begins with discussions on the fundamentals of thermodynamics and the thermodynamic properties of fluids. The succeeding chapter presents the equations of state for the calculation of the thermodynamic behavior of constant-composition fluids, both liquid and gaseous. These topics are followed by surveys of the mixing of pure materials to form a solution under conditions of constant temperature and pressure. The discussion then shifts to general equations for calculation of partial molal properties of homogeneous binary systems. The last chapter considers the approach to equilibrium of systems within which composition changes are brought about either by mass transfer between phases or by chemical reaction within a phase, or by both.

Preface

Chapter 1. Fundamental Basis of Thermodynamics

1.1. The Nature of a Function

1.2. Properties of Simple Systems

1.3. The Special Functions of Thermodynamics

1.4. The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics

Chapter 2. Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids

2.1. The Principal Thermodynamic Functions

2.2. Some Equations for a Homogeneous Phase of Constant Composition

2.3. Basic Equations for Solutions

2.4. Auxiliary Thermodynamic Functions

2.5. Special Equations for the Gibbs Function and Related Properties

2.6. Another Expression for the Chemical Potential

Chapter 3. Behavior of Constant-Composition Fluids

3.1. Thermodynamic Properties from P-V-T Data

3.2. Equations of State

3.3. Qualitative Representation of Behavior

Chapter 4. Property Changes of Mixing

4.1. General Equations

4.2. Ideal Solutions

4.3. Excess Properties of Solutions

4.4. Special Equations for the Gibbs Function and Related Properties

4.5. Experimental Measurements and the Calculation of Property Changes of Mixing

Chapter 5. Partial Molal Properties

5.1. Calculation from Experimental Data

5.2. Use of an Equation of State

5.3. General Equations for Homogeneous Binary Systems

5.4. Tests for Thermodynamic Consistency

Chapter 6. Applications to Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

6.1. Criteria of Equilibrium

6.2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium—The General Problem

6.3. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium at Low Pressures

6.4. Representation of Activity Coefficients for Binary Liquids

6.5. Tests for Thermodynamic Consistency

6.6. Influence of Temperature on Activity Coefficients

6.7. Calculation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria from Vapor Pressure Data

6.8. Experimental Measurements

Chapter 7. Epilogue

7.1. Partially Miscible Binary Liquids

7.2. High-Pressure Phase Equilibria

Index