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Chemosensory Transduction
The Detection of Odors, Tastes, and Other Chemostimuli
1st Edition - February 18, 2016
Editors: Frank Zufall, Steven D. Munger
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780128016947
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 6 9 4 - 7
eBook ISBN:9780128017869
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 7 8 6 - 9
Written by leaders in the field of chemosensation, Chemosensory Transduction provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow animals t…Read more
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Written by leaders in the field of chemosensation, Chemosensory Transduction provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow animals to detect their chemical world. The text focuses on mammals, but also includes several chapters on chemosensory transduction mechanisms in lower vertebrates and insects. This book examines transduction mechanisms in the olfactory, taste, and somatosensory (chemesthetic) systems as well as in a variety of internal sensors that are responsible for homeostatic regulation of the body. Chapters cover such topics as social odors in mammals, vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory receptors, peptide signaling in taste and gut nutrient sensing. Includes a foreword by preeminent olfactory scientist Stuart Firestein, Chair of Columbia University’s Department of Biological Sciences in New York, NY.
Chemosensory Transduction describes state-of-the-art approaches and key findings related to the study of the chemical senses. Thus, it serves as the go-to reference for this subject for practicing scientists and students with backgrounds in sensory biology and/or neurobiology. The volume will also be valuable for industry researchers engaged in the design or testing of flavors, fragrances, foods and/or pharmaceuticals.
Provides a comprehensive overview for all chemosensory transduction mechanisms
Valuable for academics focused on sensory biology, neurobiology, and chemosensory transduction, as well as industry researchers in new flavor, fragrance, and food testing
Edited by leading experts in the field of olfactory transduction
Focuses on mammals, but lower vertebrates and invertebrate model systems are also included
Academic and industry scientists, graduate students focused on sensory biology, neurobiology, olfaction and taste
Foreword
Preface
Introduction and Overview
Section I. Social Odors and Chemical Ecology
Chapter 1. Specialized Chemosignaling that Generates Social and Survival Behavior in Mammals
What Are Specialized Odors?
Search for the Sensory Neurons Underlying Specialized Olfactory Behavior
Are Certain Types of Olfactory Ligands Specialized?
The VNO Detects Specialized Odors
The MOE Also Detects Specialized Ligands
Neural Circuits that Process Specialized Ligands
Transforming Specialized Ligands into Social Behavior
Chapter 2. Chemical Ecology in Insects
Introduction
Chemostimuli and Receptors
Insect Homeostasis
Insect Reproduction
Insect–Plant Interactions: Exploiting the System
Evolutionary Aspects
Section II. Olfactory Transduction
Chapter 3. Vertebrate Odorant Receptors
Toward the Discovery of the OR Genes
The OR Gene Family
Functional Aspect of ORs
Conclusions
Chapter 4. Odor Sensing by Trace Amine-Associated Receptors
Introduction
The TAAR Family
TAAR Expression Patterns
TAAR Ligands and Behaviors
TAAR Neuron Projections to the Main Olfactory Bulb in Mouse
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter 5. Aquatic Olfaction
Introduction
The Evolutionary Origin of Vertebrate Olfactory Receptor Genes
Aquatic versus Terrestrial Olfaction
Evolutionary Dynamics of Teleost Fish Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires Are Distinctly Different from Those of Tetrapods
Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires of a Lobe-Finned Fish Combine Tetrapod and Teleost Characteristics
Amphibian Olfaction in Transition from Aqueous to Terrestrial Environment
The Land-to-Water Transition in Secondarily Aquatic Vertebrates Leads to Large-Scale Pseudogenization of Olfactory Receptor Repertoires
Aquatic Odors
Not Much Is Known About the Ligand Spectra of Aquatic Olfactory Receptors
Four Olfactory Sensory Neuron Types Expressing Aquatic Olfactory Receptors
Chapter 6. Insect Olfactory Receptors: An Interface between Chemistry and Biology
Introduction
Odorant Receptors
Ionotropic Receptors
CO2-Sensitive Gustatory Receptors
Other Olfactory Proteins at the Periphery
Methods for Functional Characterization of Insect Olfactory Receptors
Chapter 7. Cyclic AMP Signaling in the Main Olfactory Epithelium
Introduction
The Early History of cAMP in Olfactory Transduction
Molecular Identification of Olfactory Transduction Components
Regulation of the cAMP Signaling Cascade
Future Directions
Summary
Chapter 8. Cyclic GMP Signaling in Olfactory Sensory Neurons
Introduction
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
Membrane-Bound Guanylyl Cyclase
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases
Techniques for Monitoring Changes in cGMP
Future Perspectives
Chapter 9. Ciliary Trafficking of Transduction Molecules
Introduction
Cilia Structure
Lipid Composition
Movement of Proteins within the Cilium
Mechanisms Regulating the Selective Ciliary Enrichment of Olfactory Signaling Proteins
Ciliary Localization of Odorant Receptors
Ciliopathies and Olfactory Function
Potential Treatments for Ciliopathy-Induced Anosmia
Summary
Chapter 10. Vomeronasal Receptors: V1Rs, V2Rs, and FPRs
Introduction
Type 1 Vomeronasal Receptors
Type 2 Vomeronasal Receptors
Formyl Peptide Receptors
Odorant Receptors
Coding Lines
Chapter 11. Vomeronasal Transduction and Cell Signaling
Introduction
The Anatomy and Cellular Composition of the VNO
Vomeronasal Chemoreceptor Function
Receptor-Dependent Transduction Pathways and Secondary Signaling Processes in VSNs
Chapter 12. Comparative Olfactory Transduction
Introduction
Olfactory Systems: Similarity and Diversity
Functional Organization of Olfactory Systems
Functional Subsets of OSNs
Olfactory Receptors
Noncanonical Odorant-Evoked Signaling Pathways
Opponent Signaling: Excitation and Inhibition
Noncompetitive Mechanisms of Inhibition
Gaining Insight from the Comparative Study of Olfactory Transduction
Section III. Gustatory Transduction
Chapter 13. G Protein–Coupled Taste Receptors
Introduction
Type 1 Taste Receptors
Sweet Taste Receptor
Umami Taste Receptor(s)
Bitter Taste Receptors
Fatty Acid Receptors
Outlook
Chapter 14. Mechanism of Taste Perception in Drosophila
Introduction
Adult Insect Gustatory System
Cellular Analysis of Gustatory Function
Behavioral Analysis of Gustatory Function
Molecular Basis of Different Taste Modalities
Taste Signal Transduction
Gustatory Perception in Larvae
Gustatory Receptors Beyond Taste
Chapter 15. G Protein–Coupled Taste Transduction
Introduction
Taste Cell Types and Innervation
G Protein–Coupled Receptors
Downstream Signaling Effectors
ATP Release and Activation of Gustatory Afferents
Summary and Future Directions
Chapter 16. The Mechanisms of Salty and Sour Taste
Introduction
Salt Taste
Sour Taste
Conclusions
Chapter 17. Peptide Signaling in Taste Transduction
Introduction
Taste Bud Cells
Leptin
Glucagon
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
Insulin
Angiotensin II
Cholecystokinin
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Neuropeptide Y
Peptide Tyrosine–Tyrosine
Oxytocin
Ghrelin
Galanin
Conclusion
Section IV. Stimulus Transduction in Other Chemodetection Systems
Chapter 18. O2 and CO2 Detection by the Carotid and Aortic Bodies
Introduction
Carotid Body
Sensing Hypoxia
Sensing CO2
Aortic Bodies
Chapter 19. Chemosensation in the Ventricles of the Central Nervous System
Introduction
Choroid Plexus-Cerebrospinal Fluid System
Tanycytes
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 20. Gut Nutrient Sensing
Introduction
Taste Receptors
Taste Signaling Molecules in the Gut
Why Does the Gut Sense Nutrients?
Where Are the Sensors Located?
Sensing Carbohydrates
Sensing Fat
Sensing Proteins and Amino Acids
Role of the Microbiota
Closing Remarks
Chapter 21. Molecular Pharmacology of Chemesthesis
Introduction
Chemesthesis
Transient Receptor Potential Channel Subfamily V Member 1
TRP Channel Subfamily M Member 8
TRP Channel Subfamily A Member 1
TRP Channel Subfamily V Member 3
Potassium Channel Subfamily K Channels
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Index
No. of pages: 430
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: February 18, 2016
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780128016947
eBook ISBN: 9780128017869
FZ
Frank Zufall
Dr. Frank Zufall is Professor of Physiology and Founding Director of the Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM) at the University of Saarland School of Medicine in Homburg, Germany. He previously held an Assistant Professorship at Yale University, New Haven, and tenured faculty positions at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. He received a Diploma in Biology from the Freie Universität Berlin, a Ph.D. in Zoology from the Technische Universität München, and completed postdoctoral training in the Department of Neurobiology at Yale University School of Medicine. His research program focuses on understanding the organization and molecular basis of the sense of smell. Specifically, he investigates how social chemostimuli, such as pheromones and kairomones, are detected and transduced by sensory neurons and what the underlying neural circuits for odor-driven, innate behaviors are. He also investigates interactions between the immune and olfactory systems. Dr. Zufall has been recognized with a Takasago Research Award for the extensive contribution to the growth and knowledge in the field of olfactory science. He currently serves as an Associate Editor for the journal Chemical Senses.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Physiology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
SM
Steven D. Munger
Dr. Steven D. Munger is Professor and Vice-Chair of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University Florida. He previously held tenured faculty positions at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Biology from the University of Virginia and a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of Florida, and completed postdoctoral training with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Johns Hopkins University. His research program focuses on the molecular basis of chemosensation in olfactory, taste, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. Specifically, he investigates how diverse chemosensory receptors and transduction mechanisms contribute to chemosensory function, impact ingestive and social behaviors, and interact with hormonal systems that regulate metabolism and nutrient response. Dr. Munger has been recognized with the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers and the Ajinomoto Award for Young Investigators in Gustation. He is currently President-elect for the Association for Chemoreception Sciences.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA