Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine of Neurohypophyseal Hormones and Their Analogs

Preface IX

Chapter 1 Clinical Disorders of the Neurohypophysis

I Anatomy

II Synaptic Input

III Physiology

IV Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

V Hypofunction of the Neurohypophysis: Diabetes Insipidus

VI Hyperfunction of the Posterior Pituitary—Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone

References

Chapter 2 The Other Neurohypophyseal Peptides

I Introduction

II Opioid Peptides

III Hypothalamic Releasing and Release-Inhibiting Factors

IV Gastrointestinal Peptides

V Other Peptides

VI Physiological Significance of Other Neurohypophyseal Peptides

References

Chapter 3 Biochemistry and Biology of Vasopressin, Oxytocin, and Their Corresponding Neurophysins

I Introduction

II Structural Aspects—Polyproteins

III Vasopressin and Oxytocin—Functional Aspects

IV Gene Structure

V Comparison of the Bovine and Rat Genes

VI Transcriptional Control

VII Precursor Structure

VIII Processing and Modifications

IX Genetic Defect—Diabetes Insipidus

X Expression in Peripheral Tissues

XI Perspectives

References

Chapter 4 Structure-Activity Relationships of Neurohypophyseal Peptides

I. Introduction

II. Naturally Occurring Neurohypophyseal Hormones—An Overview

III. Structure-Activity Relationships of Oxytocin Agonists

IV. Structure-Activity Relationships of Antagonist Analogs of the Neurohypophyseal Hormones That Competitively Block the Actions of the Native Hormone at Receptors for Oxytocin

V. Structure-Activity Relationships of Vasopressin Agonists

VI. Antagonist Analogs of the Neurohypophyseal Hormones That Competitively Block the Action(s) of the Native Hormones at Receptors for Vasopressin

VII. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 5 The Conformation of Neurohypophyseal Hormones

I Introduction

II Theories Relating Conformation to Activity

III Conformational Assignments

IV Energy-Based Molecular Modelling

V Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 6 Central Nervous System Effects of Neurohypophyseal Peptides

I Introduction

II Animal Studies

III Human Studies—Neurohypophyseal Peptides and Memory

IV Neurohypophyseal Peptides and Drug Tolerance and Dependence

V Effects of Oxytocin in the CNS

VI CNS Effects of Neurohypophyseal Peptides Not Related to Learning or Memory

VII Possible Sites and Mechanisms of Action of Neurohypophyseal Peptides in the CNS

VIII Conclusions

References

Chapter 7 Renal Effects and Hormonal Interaction with the Neurohypophyseal Hormone, Vasopressin

I Introduction

II Nephron Sites of AVP Action

III Cellular Action of Hydroosmotic Action of AVP

IV Modulating Factors of AVP Action

V Interactions of Other Hormones and AVP

VI Role of AVP in Pathophysiological States

VII Effect of AVP on Chloride and Other Electrolyte Transport

VIII Effect of AVP on Renal Hemodynamics

IX Effect of AVP on Renin Secretion

X Other Renal Effects and Metabolism

XI AVP Antagonists

References

Chapter 8 Cardiovascular Effects of Neurotiypophyseal Peptides

I Effects on Cells

II Local Effects on Regional Vascular Tissues

III Integrated Hemodynamic Effects

IV Effects of Vasopressin on Neural Control of Circulation

V Agonists and Antagonists Used to Study Cardiovascular Effects

VI Summary

References

Index