Chemical Process Structures and Information Flows

Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction 1-1. Phenomenon-Oriented and System Oriented Viewpoints 1-2. The Whole Is More Than The Sum of Its Parts 1-3. Occurrence of Structural Problems 1-4. Information Flows in Process Design and Analysis 1-5. The Scope of this Book References Problems 2. Graphs and Digraphs 2-1. A Game with a Structure 2-2. Graph-Theoretic Entities 2-3. Trees and Circuits 2-4. Operations On Graphs 2-5. Cutsets and Connectivity 2-6. Directed Graphs 2-7. Matrix Representation Of Digraphs and Graphs 2-8. Reachability Matrix 2-9. Computational Considerations Notation References Problems3. Pipeline Networks 3-1. Optimal Design of Pressure Relief Piping Networks 3-1-1. Problem Formulation 3-1-2. Optimization With Nonlinear Programming Methods 3-1-3. The Discrete Merge Method 3-1-4. Computational Enhancements 3-1-5. Performance Evaluation 3-2. Steady State Conditions in Cyclic Networks 3-2-1. Problem Formulation 3-2-2. Operation Counts in Solving Linear Simultaneous Equations 3-2-3. Rowand Column Permutations 3-2-4. Minimal Length Cycle Set 3-3. Alternative Problem Formulations and Specifications 3-3-1. Alternative Problem Formulations 3-3-2. Admissible Specification Sets 3-4. Interactive Synthesis of DistributionNetworks 3-4-1. Problem Statement 3-4-2. Strategy of Interactive Synthesis 3-4-3. Implementation and Evaluation Notation References Problems4. Computation Sequence in Process Flowsheet Calculations 4-1. Introduction 4-2. Partmoning 4-2-1. Process Flowsheet and Precedence Ordering 4-2-2. Depth-First Search 4-3. Output Assignment 4-3-1. Computation Sequence in Solving Equations 4-3-2. Output Assignment Algorithms 4-3-3. Discussion 4-4. Tearing 4-4-1. Basic Concept 4-2. Tearing Algorithms 4-4-3. Numerical Considerations 4-5. Computer Programs Notation References Problems 5. Sparse Matrix Computation 5-1. Introduction 5-2. Solution of Linear Algebraic Equations 5-2-1. Gaussian Elimination 5-2-2. Gauss-Jordan Elimination 5-2-3. Elementary Matrices 5-2-4. Further Discussions 5-3. Pivoting Strategies 5-3-1. Numerical and Structural Considerations 5-3-2. Reordering Phase 5-3-3. Numerical Phase 5-4. Data Storage and Processing 5-4-1. Commonly Performed Operations 5-4-2. Linked Lists 5-4-3. Sparse Matrix Storage Νotation References Problems 6. Scheduling of Batch Plants 6-1. Characteristics of Batch Processes 6-2. Scheduling of Products and Operations 6-3. Simple Models 6-3-1. Single-Stage Parallel Units 6-3-2. Two Processors in Series 6-3-3. Three Processors in Series 6-3-4. Dominance Properties 6-4. Recurrence Relations and the MILP Approach 6-4-1. Recurrence Relations 6-4-2. MILP Approach 6-5. Branch and Bound Methods 6-5-1. Lower Bounds On Makespan 6-5-2. Dominance Properties 6-6. Heuristic Procedures 6-6-1. CDS Algorithm 6-6-2. RAES Algorithm 6-7. Other Models of Chemical Engineering Interest 6-7-1. ZW Flowshops 6-7-2. Multipurpose Plants and Precedence Constraints 6-8. Closing Remarks 6-9. Computer Program Notation References Problems 7. Design of Batch Plants 7-1. Multiproduct Batch Plants 7-1-1. Batch Equipment Sizing 7-1-2. Equipment Sizing For A Single Product 7-1-3. Network Synthesis 7-1-4. Extension To Multiple Products 7-1-5. Related Previous Investigations 7-2. Multipurpose Batch Plants 7-2-1. Problem Formulation 7-2-2. Alternative Formulations and Methods of Solution 7-3. Closing Remarks Notation References Problems8. Observability and Redundancy 8-1. Introduction 8-2. Multicomponent Process Networks 8-2-1. Problem Formulation 8-2-2. Classification Principles 8-2-3. Observability Classification 8-2-4. Redundancy Classification 8-3. Generalized Process Networks Notation References Problems 9. Process Data Reconciliation and Rectification 9-1. Steady State Reconciliation 9-1-1. Process Flow and Inventory Data 9-1-2. Linear Reconciliation: Formulation 9-1-3. Linear Reconciliation: Decomposition and Solution 9-1-4. Nonlinear Constraints 9-2-5. Generalized Likelihood Ratio Approach 9-2-6. Other Considerations 9-2. Gross Error Detection and Identification 9-2-1. Hypothesis Testing 9-2-2. Rank Relationship in Estimation 9-2-3. Gross Error Identification 9-2-4. Performance Evaluation Appendix A. Glossary On Batch Processes Appendix B. Elements of Probability and StatisticsCredits Index