Chemical Pathways of Metabolism

1st Edition - January 1, 1954
Editor: David M. Greenberg
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 4 2 7 - 0

Chemical Pathways of Metabolism, Volume I focuses on the chemical steps involved in the metabolism of the major constituents of living organisms. The selection first elaborates on… Read more

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Chemical Pathways of Metabolism, Volume I focuses on the chemical steps involved in the metabolism of the major constituents of living organisms. The selection first elaborates on free energy and metabolism, enzymes in metabolic sequences, and glycolysis. Discussions focus on comparative biochemistry of glycolysis, enzymes of the glycolytic cycle, oxidative conversion of glucose to tetrose, transmethylation, and free energy and its determination. The manuscript then examines the tricarboxylic acid cycle and other pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. The text ponders on the biosynthesis of complex saccharides, including mechanisms of disaccharide formation, syntheses of branched polysaccharides, synthesis of levan from sucrose, and reversibility reactions by hydrolytic enzymes. The publication then elaborates on fat metabolism and acetoacetate formation and sterol and steroid metabolism. Topics include androgens, sterols, phospholipides or phosphatides, path of fat absorption, and theories of fatty acid breakdown and acetoacetate formation. The selection is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the chemical pathways of metabolism.

Contributors to Volume I

Preface

List of Abbreviations and Symbols

1. Free Energy and Metabolism

1. Introduction

II. Free Energy and Its Determination

III. Sources of Energy

IV. Release of Energy

2. Enzymes in Metabolic Sequences

I. Introduction

II. Cyclophorase-Mitochondrial System

III. The Glycolytic Cycle

IV. Oxidative Conversion of Glucose to Tetrose

V. Synthesis of Glutathione

VI. Transmethylation

VII. Energizing of Synthetic Reactions

VIII. Enzymes with More than One Catalytic Function

IX. Experimental Approaches to the Reconstruction of Metabolic Sequences

3· Glycolysis

I. Introduction

II. Energetics

III. Enzymes of the Glycolytic Cycle

IV. Reversal of Glycolysis

V. Factors Influencing Glycolysis

VI. Comparative Biochemistry of Glycolysis

4. The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

I. Introduction

II. The Cycle in Animal Tissues

III. The Cycle in Microorganisms

IV. The Cycle in Plant Material

V. The Nature of "Active Acetic Acid VI. Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A

VII. The Free Energy Changes Associated with the Individual Steps of the Cycle

VIII. Oxidative Phosphorylation

5. Other Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism

I. The Metabolism of Fructose

II. The Metabolism of Galactose

III. The Oxidation of Glucose and Glucose-6-Phosphate

IV. The Metabolism of Gluconate

V. Degradation of 6-Phosphogluconate

VI. The Metabolism of Ribulose-5-Phosphate

VII. The Metabolism of Pentoses

VIII. Other Ketopentoses

IX. The Metabolism of D-Ribose and Desoxyribose

X. Alternate Pathways of Glucose Utilization in Intact Cells

XI. Other Mechanisms of Ribose Formation

XII. The Metabolism of Uronic Acids

XIII. The Metabolism of Hexosamine

XIV. Conclusions

6. Biosynthesis of Complex Saccharides

I. Synthesis of Monosaccharides

II. Reversibility Reactions by Hydrolytic Enzymes

III. Mechanisms of Disaccharide Formation

IV. Synthesis of α-Linked Polysaccharides by the Action of Phosphorylase

V. Syntheses of Branched Polysaccharides

VI. Structure of Glycogen and Amylopectin

VII. Synthesis of Starch-Glycogen Type Polysaccharides by Transglucosidases

VIII. Synthesis of Dextran

IX. Synthesis of Levan from Sucrose

X. Synthesis of 1,6-α-Linked Oligosaccharides

XI. Synthesis of Fructosans

XII. Synthesis of Galactose-Containing Saccharides

XIII. Mechanisms of Formation of β-Linked Saccharides

7. Fat Metabolism and Acetoacetate Formation

I. Introduction

II. The Application of Labeling Agents in the Study of Lipide Metabolism

III. The Concept of the Dynamic State of Body Fats

IV. Theories of Fatty Acid Breakdown and Acetoacetate Formation

V. Sites of Fatty Acid Oxidation

VI. Oxidation of Fatty Acids by the Whole Animal

VII. Intermediary Metabolism

VIII. Phospholipides or Phosphatides

IX. The Path of Fat Absorption

8. Sterol and Steroid Metabolism

I. Sterols

II. Adrenocortical Hormones

III. Androgens

IV. Progesterone

V. Estrogens

Author Index

Subject Index