Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species

1st Edition - January 28, 1985
Editor: Stanley Glick
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 5 6 9 1 - 2

Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species explores brain asymmetries in animals and the extent to which such asymmetries relate, in an evolutionary and clinical sense, to the… Read more

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Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species explores brain asymmetries in animals and the extent to which such asymmetries relate, in an evolutionary and clinical sense, to the pervasive asymmetries that characterize the human brain. Topics covered include cerebral lateralization in birds, rats, and nonhuman primates; the inheritance of direction and degree of asymmetry in the brain; the morphology of rat forebrain; and variation in the pattern of behavioral and brain asymmetries due to sex differences. Comprised of 11 chapters, this book opens with a historical overview of research into the cerebral lateralization of structures and functions in nonhuman species. The discussion then turns to lateralization of vocal control in songbirds and lateralization of several behaviors in domestic chicks. The inheritance of direction and degree of asymmetry is also considered, along with the morphology of rat forebrains. The following chapters focus on asymmetries in anatomy and pathology in the rodent brain; the link between brain lateralization and behavioral functions; and how early experiences can induce laterality. The final chapter analyzes the implications of brain asymmetries for evolution, genetics, and clinical syndromes. This monograph will be a useful resource for students, neuroscientists, clinicians, and other practitioners in fields ranging from psychobiology and psychology to anatomical sciences, neurobiology, neurochemistry, and genetics.

Contributors

Preface

1. Cerebral Lateralization: Historical Note on Animal Studies

I. Introduction

II. Asymmetries in Nonhuman Species

III. Concluding Remarks

References

2. Cerebral Lateralization in Birds

I. Introduction

II. Asymmetric Control of Vocalizations in Passerine Birds

III. Asymmetries in Neural Development in Domestic Chicks

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References

3. On the Inheritance of Direction and Degree of Asymmetry

I. Introduction

II. Studies of Handedness in Inbred Mice

III. Selection for the Degree of Lateralization

IV. Associated Characters

V. On Animal Models, Genetics, and Asymmetry Gradients

VI. Extrapolations and Speculations

References

4. Rat Forebrain Morphology: Right-Left; Male-Female; Young-Old; Enriched-Impoverished

I. Introduction

II. Cerebral Cortical Thickness

III. Hippocampal Thickness

IV. Amygdaloid Nucleus Area

V. Corpus Striatum Area

VI. Summary

References

5. Asymmetries in Anatomy and Pathology in the Rodent Brain

I. Introduction

II. Neuroanatomical Asymmetry

III. Volume Asymmetries in the Rat Brain

IV. Relationship between Anatomical and Functional Asymmetry

V. Developmental Pathology of Asymmetry

References

6. Hemispheric Laterality, Behavioral Asymmetry, and the Effects of Early Experience in Rats

I. Introduction

II. Lateralization of Affective Behavior

III. Lateralization of Spatial Processes

IV. Lateralization of Postural Asymmetry

V. Interhemispheric Coupling

VI. Central Mechanisms

VII. Summary

References

7. Lateralized Behavioral and Neurochemical Consequences of Unilateral Brain Injury in Rats

I. Background

II. Behavioral and Neurochemical Asymmetry Induced by Cerebral Infarction

III. Effect of Lesion Etiology on Behavior and Neurochemistry

IV. Effect of Lesion Location on Behavioral and Neurochemical Asymmetries

V. Role of Catecholaminergic Neurons in Behavioral Asymmetry

VI. Role of Noncatecholaminergic Neurons in Behavioral Asymmetry

VII. Conclusions and Possible Mechanisms of Lateralized Spontaneous Hyperactivity

References

8. Functional and Neurochemical Mechanisms of Cerebral Lateralization in Rats

I. Introduction: Sidedness and Circling

II. Dopaminergic Asymmetry and Striatal Function

III. Multiple Asymmetries and Multiple Functions

IV. Prenatal Determinants of Left-Right Bias

V. Lateralization of Reward Mechanisms

VI. Similar Asymmetries in Different Species: Rat and Human Brains Compared

References

9. Variation in the Pattern of Behavioral and Brain Asymmetries Due to Sex Differences

I. Introduction

II. Sex Differences in Behavioral and Brain Asymmetries in Nonhuman Mammals

III. Conclusions

References

10. Asymmetries of the Brains and Skulls of Nonhuman Primates

I. Asymmetries of the Frontal Lobes

II. Sulci

III. Asymmetries of the Tempoparietal Regions

IV. Superior Temporal Gyms

V. Height of the End of the Sylvian Fissure

VI. Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS)

VII. Asymmetries in the Shape of the Brain

VIII. Venous Asymmetries

IX. Summary

References

11. Implications for Evolution, Genetics, and Clinical Syndromes

I. Implications of Asymmetries in Nonhuman Species

II. Dominance in Historical Perspective

III. The Emergence of a Biological Approach to Dominance

IV. Implications for Human Clinical Syndromes

V. Implications of Pharmacological Asymmetry

VI. Implications for Genetics

VII. Implications for Handedness

VIII. Some Further Implications

IX. Biological Associations of Laterality

X. Implications for "Exclusively Human" Functions

XI. Final Comment

References

Index