Categories of Human Learning

List of Contributors

Preface

Classical and Operant Conditioning

Subclasses of Classical and Instrumental Conditioning

Special Problems of Equivalence of Stimuli, Responses, and Reinforcement in a Classificatory Scheme

Summary of the Classification Problem

Conditioning Experiments with Human Subjects

Comparability of the Forms of Human Learning

References

Categories of Learning and the Problem of Definition: Comments on Professor Grant's Paper

Can the Same Responses Be Conditioned Both Classically and Instrumentally?

Classical and Instrumental Conditioning and the Nature of Reinforcement

Are Laws of Classical Conditioning and Instrumental Conditioning the Same?

Summary

References

The Representativeness of Rote Verbal Learning

Approaches to a Taxonomy of Human Learning

Characterization of Rote Verbal Learning

Factors in Response Learning

Factors Influencing Associative Learning

Summary and General Comments

References

The Centrality of Verbal Learning: Comments on Professor Underwood's Paper

Unity vs. Diversity of Learning Process

The Centrality of Verbal Learning

Summary and Conclusion

References

Probability Learning

Methodological Approaches

Some Facts About Probability Learning

Systematic Interpretations

References

An Evaluation of Stimulus Sampling Theory: Comments on Professor Estes' Paper

Reinforcement Schedules and Mean Response

Sequential Dependencies

The Friedman, Burke, Cole, Estes, and Millward Experiment

Stimulus Variation Experiments

References

Short-Term Memory and Incidental Learning

Short-Term Retention

Incidental Learning

Conclusions

References

Behavioral Effects of Instruction to Learn: Comments on Professor Postman s Paper

Incidental Learning

The Stimulus Trace and Short-Term Memory

References

The Concept of the Concept

Models of Concepts

The Nature of Concepts

The Place of Classification Learning in the Psychology of Learning

Concluding Comments

References

On Verbalizations and Concepts: Comments on Professor Kendler's Paper

Text

References

Perceptual-Motor Skill Learning

Definitions and Taxonomy

Theoretical Models

The Continuity-Discontinuity Issue in Skill Learning

Phases Characteristic of Skill Learning

Cognitive Aspects of Skill Learning

Some Cross-Category Problems of Skill Learning

Some Relatively Unique Aspects of Skill Learning

Summary

References

The Generality of Research on Transfer Functions: Comments on Professor Fitts' Paper

Historical Perspective

The Techniques

Some Empirical Data

Relation to Other Human Learning

Summary

References

Problem Solving

Dependent Variables in Problem Solving

Independent Variables

Individual Differences Variables

The Nature of Problem Solving

References

Learning and Problem Solving: Comments on Professor Gagné's Paper

The Relation of Learning and Problem Solving

The Question of Emergent Properties

References

The Taxonomy of Human Learning: Overview

Why the Taxonomy of Human Learning?

Development of a Taxonomy

The Validity of the Traditional Categories of Learning

Conclusion

References

Author Index

Subject Index