Cardiovascular Review 1984

Preface to 1984 VolumePreface to 1979 VolumePreface to 1980 VolumePreface to 1982 VolumePreface to 1983 VolumeIschemic Heart Disease I. Natural History Angina Myocardial Infarction Aneurysm The Changing Mortality of Coronary Heart Disease Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis Regression II. Epidemiology and Risk Factors Age, Sex, and Genetics Alcohol Climate and Environment Coffee Contraceptives, Hormones, and Endogenous Endocrine Influences Diabetes Mellitus Educational Status Hemostatic Factors and Hematocrit Hypertension Hypertrophy Integument Lifestyle Lipids Obesity and Weight Occupation Physical Activity Psychosocial Risks Race Radiation Retirement Risk Scores and Intervention Trials Smoking Trace Metals and Minerals (including Water Hardness) Travel Uric Acid Vasectomy Vital Capacity III. Clinical Aspects of Ischemic Heart Disease Angina Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects Asymptomatic or Unrecognized Ischemia and Myocardial Infarction Bezold-Jarisch Reflex Diabetes Extension vs Expansion of Myocardial Infarction Fever Heart Size Hypertension and Hypertrophy Hyperventilation Hypoxemia Humoral Control Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Left Main Coronary (LMC) Disease and "Left Main Equivalent" (LME) Pericarditis Peripheral Vascular Disease Prehospital Course Premonitory Symptoms (Prodrome) of an Acute Coronary Event Prognosis and Survival Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Function Pulse Renal Disease Retinal Changes as an Indicator of Coronary Heart Disease Rupture Sex Shock Site of Infarction and Its Significance Sudden Death and Prehospital Cardiac Arrest Stroke Thromboembolism Valsalva Maneuver Ventricular Aneurysm and Thrombosis Coronary Heart Disease in the Young IV. Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, and Pathology Alcohol Anomalies of Coronary Arteries Aortic Regurgitation Arteriovenous Fistula Atherogenesis Atrial Involvement Collaterals Complement Coxsackie Virus Drugs and Coronary Heart Disease Metabolism of Ischemia Myocardial Bridging Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand Nephrotic Syndome Pathologic Anatomy and Its Significance Physiology of Coronary Heart Disease (Hemodynamics) Radiation Thromboembolism, Platelets, Prostaglandins, and Vasospastic Mechanisms Ventricular and Atrial Function V. Diagnosis General Aspects of Clinical Predictors History Physical Examination Bayes' Theorem. Effect of Pretest Likelihood of Disease on the Utility of Diagnostic Tests The Electrocardiogram at Rest Ambulatory Monitoring (Dynamic Electrocardiogram; DCG) Transtelephonic Monitoring Exercise (Stress) Electrocardiography The Chemistry of Ischemia Scintigraphy (Radioisotopic Imaging) Echocardiography Fluoroscopy Systolic Time Intervals Sizing of Infarction Cardiac Catheterization (Hemodynamic, Cardiodynamic, and Coronary Ateriographic Studies) VI. Therapy Changing Patterns of Therapy Medical Management Special Therapeutic Considerations SurgeryValvular Heart Disease I. Etiology and Incidence II. Clinical Aortic Stenosis (AS) Aortic Regurgitation (AR) Mitral Stenosis (MS) Mitral Regurgitation (MR) Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC) Mitral Valve Prolapse Tricuspid Valve Prolapse (Multiple Floppy Valves) Tricuspid Stenosis (TS) and Regurgitation (TR) Thromboembolic Complications The Myocardial Impairment and Hypertrophy of Valvular Disease Diagnosis of Valvular Disease Prognosis of Valvular Disease III. Therapy of Valvular Heart Disease Medical Pacing SurgeryArrhythmias and Conduction Defects I. Cardiac Rhythm in Healthy Populations II. Supraventricular Arrhythmias Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) Atrial Conduction Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Atrial Dissociation Atrial Asystole Chaotic Atrial Mechanisms Junctional Mechanisms Hemodynamics of Atrioventricular Dissociation Atrial Electrophysiology III. Ventricular Arrhythmias Etiology and Mechanisms Risk and Natural History Site, Significance, and Prognosis Associated Conduction Defects Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) IV. Long Q-T Syndromes (LQTS) and Torsade de Pointes Criteria Etiology and Pathophysiology Clinical Pathology Treatment Results and Prognosis V. Sick Sinus Syndrome (including Carotid Sinus Syncope) Etiology, Mechanisms, and Pathology Clinical Characteristics Associated Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects Drug Effects Diagnosis VI. Conduction Classification Atrial Atrioventricular Block (AVB) HIS-Purkinje Conjunction, Bundle Branch, and Fascicular Block Accelerated Conduction (Wolff-Parkinson-White [WPW], Lown-Ganong-Levine [LGL], and Concealed Accessory Pathways) Conduction as Affected by Electrolytes VII. Syncope VIII. General Diagnostic Considerations Electrocardiogram Ambulatory Recordings Exercise Testing Electrophysiologic Studies Echocardiogram Image Phase Analysis IX. Treatment of Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects Indications for Treatment Electrophysiologic Drug Testing Results of Treatment Antiarrhythmic Agents High-Energy Capacitator Discharges Pacemaker Therapy Neuromechanical Maneuvers Atrioventricular Conduction Ablation by Catheter Techniques SurgeryAcromegalyAgingAlcoholAmyloidosisAnemia (including Sickle Cell Anemia)Aneurysms and Dissections of Great VesselsAnorexia NervosaArteritisAthletic HeartBartter's SyndromeBehcet's SyndromeCarcinoidCardiomyopathy I. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Etiology Pathology Ventricular Function and Hemodynamics Mechanism of Obstruction and Cavity Obliteration Mechanism of Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM) of the Mitral Valve and Mitral Prolapse Hypertrophy (Nature and Location) Symptoms and Clinical Course Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Childhood Natural History, Prognosis, and Sudden Death Ischcmic Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Other Associated Cardiac Diseases Endocarditis Diagnosis II. Congestive (Dilated) Cardiomyopathy Etiology Prevalence and Prognosis Pathogenesis Clinical Aspects Electrophysiology Diagnosis Treatment III. Restrictive and Infiltrative CardiomyopathyCardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)ChemotherapyChagas' DiseaseCirrhosisCollagen and Connective Tissue Disease I. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) II. Scleroderma III. Periarteritis Nodosa IV. Polymyositis - Dermatomyositis V. Ehlers - Danlos Syndrome VI. Rheumatoid Arthritis VII. Marfan's Syndrome VIII. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease IX. MucopolycaccharidosesCongenital Heart Disease in the AdultCongestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema I. Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology II. Effects of Therapy III. Mortality IV. Principles of Treatment Positive Inotropic Agents Digitalis Other Positive Inotropic Agents V. Diuretics and Cathartics Potassium-Wasting Diuretics Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Mode and Duration of Action General Clinical Considerations Side Effects VI. Unloading Programs Physiology of Unloading Clinical Response Precautions Specific Unloading Agents Comparative Effects of Vasodilators VII. Beta Blockers VIII. Miscellaneous AgentsElectrocardiography I. P WAVE II. The QRS Interval Q Wave R Wave Progression Hemodyalysis Hypertrophy Osborne Waves (J Waves) Axis Shifts and Conduction Defects Hemodynamic Correlates III. The QT Interval IV. The ST Segment Injury Patterns Early Repolarization Syndrome The Juvenile Pattern V. T Wave VI. Voltage VII. Vectorcardiogram VIII. Effects of AgingEndocarditis I. Bacterial Clinical Specific Risks Bacteriology Diagnosis Prognosis Special Therapeutic Considerations II. Nonbacterial Fungal Endocarditis Parasitic Endocarditis Rickettsial Endocarditis Marantic (Nonbacterial) EndocarditisFabry's Disease (Angiokeratoma Corporis Fiffusum Universale)Heat StrokeHemochromatosisHypereosinophilic SyndromesHypertension I. Prevalence and Significance II. Hemodynamics and the Evolution of Hypertension Earliest Derangements Borderline and Labile Hypertension Hyperkinetic Essential Hypertension Hypertension in the Elderly III. The Humoral Aspects of Hypertension Pathophysiology Etiologic Endocrine Mechanisms Neurovascular Aspects of Hypertension Autonomic Manipulations Adrenergic Receptors Baroreceptors Vascular Reactivity IV. Renal and Renovascular Mechanisms V. Volume Overload Hypertension VI. Etiologic Correlates Alcohol Coffee and Smoking Contraceptives Other Chemicals and Drugs Diabetes Diet, Salt, Ions, and Obesity Gaisbock's Syndrome Pediatrics Pregnancy Quadriplegia Race VII. Malignant (Accelerated) Hypertension VIII. Anatomic and Clinical Consequences of Hypertension Left Ventricle Right Ventricle IX. Measurement X. Detection and Diagnosis XI. Treatment Indications and Special Therapeutic Considerations Pharmacologic Therapy Nonpharmacologic TherapyHypotensionMagnesiumMarfan's SyndromeMarijuanaMucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (MCLS; Kawasaki's Disease)Muscular DystrophyMyocarditisMyxedemaObesityPericardium I. Function II. Acute Pericarditis Etiology Diagnosis Therapeutic Considerations III. Constrictive-Effusive Pericarditis Etiology Clinical Aspects IV. Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade Clinical Aspects Diagnosis Treatment V. Congenital AbsencePeripheral Vascular Disease I. Arterial Disease Etiology and Pathogenesis Physical Diagnosis Therapy II. Venous DISEASE III. Lymphatic DiseasePregnancyPulmonary Disease I. Alveolar Hypoventilation and Sleep Apnea Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Aspects Treatment II. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Natural History Clinical Ventricular Function Hemodynamics Heart Size Adenoids Arrhythmias Electrocardiogram Echocardiogram Pulmonary Embolism Therapeutic Considerations III. Iatrogenic Lung Disease IV. Noncardiac Pulmonary Edema V. Pulmonary Hemorrhage VI. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Pathophysiology Adaption to Oxygen Diagnosis Gastrointestinal Complications Therapy VII. Pleural EffusionPulmonary Vascular Disease I. Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Peripheral Venous Disease Clinical Aspects Diagnosis Prognosis Treatment II. Pulmonary Hypertension Classification Etiology Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Prognosis Therapy III. Pulmonary Vasculitides IV. Pulmonary Arteriovenous FistulaRadiationRheumatic FeverRheumatoid ArthritisSarcoidosisSounds and MurmursStroke and Cerebrovascular DiseaseThrombocytopenic PurpuraThyroidTime Intervals, Systolic and Diastolic I. Systolic Hemodynamic Correlation Electrocardiographic Correlation Clinical Correlation II. Diastolic Time IntervalsTraumaTumors of the HeartWhipple's DiseaseSupplements I-XIAbbreviationsGuide to Journal AbbreviationsIndex