Carbon Alloys

Space Control in Carbon Alloys. Hybrid orbital control in carbon alloys (R. Saito).
Structural design and functions of carbon materials by alloying in atomic and molecular scales (M. Endo et al.).
Surface and hidden surface-controlled carbon alloys (K. Kaneko).
Control of interface and microstructure in carbon alloys (Y. Tanabe, E. Yasuda).

Typical Carbon Alloys and their Processing. Intercalation compounds (N. Akuzawa). Porous carbon (T. Kyotani). Polymer blend for designing of carbon materials (A. Oya).

The Latest Characterization Techniques. Computer simulation (S Tsuneyuki). Crystallite size and lattice constant measurements of carbon materials
by X-ray diffraction (M. Shiraishi, M. Inagaki). Studies on pore structure of carbon materials by small-angle X-ray
scattering (K. Nishikawa). XAFS analysis and application to carbon related materials and
catalysts (H. Yamashita). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its application to carbon (N. Suzuki). Transmission electron microscopy (H. Saka). Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and its applications to characterization of carbon materials (H. Hirai). Visualization of the atomic-scale structure and reactivity of metal carbide surfaces by scanning tunneling microscopy K. Fukui et al.). Infra red (IR) spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and
proton magnetic thermal analysis (PMRTA)(O. Ito et al.).
Raman spectroscopy as a characterization tool for carbon materials (M. Kakihana, M. Osada). Basics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and its application to carbon alloys (T. Nishizawa). Gas adsorption (Y. Hanzawa, K. Kaneko). Electrochemical characterization of carbons and carbon alloys (T. Nakajima). Mechanical probe for micro-/nano-characterization (M. Sakai). Magnetism of nano-graphite (T. Enoki et al.).
Magnetoresistance and its application to carbon and carbon alloys (Y. Hishiyama).

Function Developments and Application Potentials. Application of advanced carbon material in Li-ion secondary battery (M. Endo, Y-A. Kim). Electrochemical functions (M. Miyake). Electric double layer capacitors (S. Shiraishi). Electron emission from carbon nanotubes (Y. Saito et al.). Gas separation with carbon membranes (K. Kusakabe, S. Morooka). Property control of carbon materials by fluorination (H. Touhara). Preparation of metal loaded porous carbons and their use as a highly active catalyst for NO reduction (K. Miura, H. Nakagawa). Formation of seaweed bed using carbon fibers (M. Shiraishi). C/C composite materials and their properties (T. Oku). Superhard materials (O. Takai).