Capacitor Discharges - Magnetohydrodynamics - X-Rays - Ultrasonics

ForewordPrefaceContents of Volume IIA. The capacitor, its Characteristics and its Applications in a Discharge Circuit 1. Capacitors in Discharge Circuits in General and the Equivalent Circuit Diagram 2. Characteristics of Dielectric Material 3. Tables of Properties of Dielectric Materials Used for Capacitors 4. Specifications and Standards of Capacitors 5. Faults Which May Occur in Fixed Capacitors 6. Basic Combinations of RCL Elements in the Circuitry 7. Calculation and Layout of Capacitors for Discharge Operation 8. The Capacitor with Large Energy Content for Powerful Single Discharges 9. The Impulse Capacitor in Cyclic Charging Operation 10. Periodic Discharge Operation 11. Capacitor Battery for Continuously High Output in Discharge Operation (Impulse Welding Operation) 12. Capacitors Having Extremely High Insulation Values 13. Capacitor Lines with Constant Impedance per Unit of LengthB. Switching Means 1. Thyratrons 2. The Ignitron 3. The Multivibrator 4. Symmetrical Switch Tubes with Mercury Filling 5. Fixed Spark Gaps 6. Moving Spark Gaps 7. The Lightning Protector 8. The Actuation of Magnetic Contactors at Predetermined Phase Angles 9. Quenching Spark GapsC. Line Conductors 1. The Influence of Impedance 2. The Overhead Line for High and Highest Voltages with Large Conductor Radius 3. The Coaxial Cable 4. Energy Considerations 5. Sandwich Lines 6. Compensation Conductor FormsD. Conversion of Capacitor Energy Into Current Impulses 1. Direct Discharge Through a Conductor 2. The Transformed Discharge for Highest Current PeaksE. Conversion of Capacitor Energy Into Voltage Impulses 1. The Cascade Circuit 2. The Nondistorting Pulse Transformer 3. High Peak Power Transformers with Differentiating Characteristics 4. Impulse Setups for Cyclic Operation and Very Short Impulse Duration 5. Pulse-Forming Network 6. Cable Discharge Lines and Pulse Generators 7. Spark Gap Triggering Device by Marx 8. Ignition Transformer for Internal Combustion Engines 9. Voltage Impulses in Extensive Networks 10. Automatic Overhead Line Protection by Means of Periodic Capacitor Discharges 11. Lightning Flashes in Nature as Capacitor Discharges 12. Steepness of Voltage Shock Pulses 13. The Operation of Kerr Cells by High-Voltage Impulses 14. Biological Applications of Voltage Impulses in Electrical FishingF. Conversion of Capacitor Energy Into X-Ray Flashes and Neutrons 1. Physics, Design, and Circuitry in x-Ray Flashing 2. X-Ray Irradiation of Subjects in Mechanical Motion 3. Capacitor Discharges in Feeding Ion and Neutron SourcesG. Conversion of Capacitively Stored Energy Into Heat 1. Impulse Welding, Direct Capacitor Discharge 2. The Transformed Capacitor Discharge in Welding Engineering 3. Electrodynamic "Cooling" by Particle Ejection in Capacitor Impulse Welding 4. Microinduction Hardening—Application of Instant Heating by a Capacitive Energy Impulse 5. High-Frequency Heating by Rapid Impulse Sequences the Blast Spark High-Frequency Generator by Marx 6. Annealing of Wires by Means of Capacitor Discharge Pulses 7. Exploding Wire Discharges 8. High-Temperature Plasma Generation by High-Energy Capacitor DischargesH. Conversion of Capacitively Stored Energy Into Magnetic Fields 1. The Creation of Very Intensive Magnetic Fields for Short Duration 2. Application of Strong Magnetic Shock Fields in Nuclear Physics 3. Capacitor Discharges in Magnetic Plasma Generation and Acceleration 4. Capacitor Discharge Magnetizers 5. The Magneto-Optical Shutter—Application of the Faraday Effect 6. Metal Forming with Pulsed Magnetic FieldsI. Conversion of Capacitively Stored Energy Into Acoustic Impulses 1. Conversion by Electroacoustic Converters and Applications 2. Air Impulse Sound 3. Shock Sound by Underwater Capacitor Discharges 4. Applications of High Intensity Shock Group 5. The Photography of Discharge Sound Shocks and its Technical ApplicationJ. Material Working by High-Frequency Capacitor Discharges (Spark Erosion) 1. Facts and Purposes of the Mechanism of Spark Erosion 2. Electro-Erosion Machining of Metals 3. Shaping Metals by Electrical Explosion Shock WaveBibliographyAuthor IndexManufacturers IndexSubject Index