Calcium and Cell Function

Contributors

Preface

Contents of Previous Volumes

Chapter 1 A Novel Cellular Signaling System Based on the Integration of Phospholipid and Calcium Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Agonist-Dependent Phospholipid Metabolism

III. Role of Calcium in Regulating Phospholipid Metabolism

IV. The Role of Agonist-Dependent Phospholipid Metabolism

V. Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 The Transport of Calcium by Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

I. Introduction

II. Structure of Membranes Participating in Excitation-Contraction Coupling

III. Protein Composition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

IV. Lipids of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

V. Mechanism of ATP Hydrolysis and Ca2+ Transport

VI. Protein-Protein Interactions in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

VII. Permeability of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

VIII. Relationship between Membrane Potential and Calcium Transport by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

IX. Transport of Calcium by Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

X. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Fast-Twitch and Slow-Twitch Skeletal Muscles

XI. Biosynthesis of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

XII. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Diseased Muscle

References

Chapter 3 The Energetics and Chemistry for Interactions between Calmodulin and Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

I. Chemistry of Calmodulin Interactions with Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

II. Energetics of Calmodulin Binding to Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

References

Chapter 4 Specificity of Trifluoperazine and Related Phenothiazines for Calcium-Binding Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Mode of Binding of Phenothiazines to Calmodulin

III. Selectivity of Calmodulin for Phenothiazines and Related Antipsychotic Agents

IV. Site of Action of Phenothiazines as Calmodulin Antagonists

V. Selectivity of Phenothiazines for Calmodulin

VI. Other Effects of Phenothiazines

VII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 5 Structure, Function, and Regulation of Phosphorylase Kinase

I. Historical Background

II. Purification

III. General Structure

IV. Structure and Function of the Subunits

V. Phosphorylase Kinase from Other Sources

References

Chapter 6 Regulation of Glycogen Synthase by Multiple Protein Kinases

I. Introduction

II. Glycogen Synthase Structure

III. Phosphorylation by Specific Kinases in Vitro

IV. Relationship of Synthase Activity to Phosphorylation State

V. Glycogen Synthase Phosphatase

VI. Hormonal Regulation of Synthase

References

Chapter 7 Actomyosin of Smooth Muscle

I. Introduction

II. Contractile Apparatus

III. Regulation of Contractile Activity

IV. Evidence for and against the Phosphorylation Theory

V. Summary of the Regulatory Process in Smooth Muscle

References

Chapter 8 Calmodulin in Synaptic Function and Neurosecretion

I. Introduction

II. Synaptic Calmodulin

III. Calmodulin and Ca2+-Dependent Neurotransmitter Release

IV. Ca2+-Calmodulin-Stimulated Synaptic Protein Phosphorylation

V. Evidence Suggesting That Synaptic Ca2+ and Calmodulin-Stimulated Protein Phosphorylation Mediates Ca2+-Dependent Neurotransmitter Release

VI. Ca2+-Calmodulin Synaptic Vesicle and Synaptic Membrane Interactions

VII. Ca2+-Calmodulin Tubulin Kinase System in Synaptic Modulation

VIII. A Molecular Approach to Neurotransmission

References

Chapter 9 Stimulation of Synthesis of Neurotransmitters by Calmodulin-Dependent Phosphorylation

I. Introduction

II. Activation of Tryptophan Hydroxylase by a Calmodulin-Dependent Phosphorylation Reaction

III. Possible Role for Calmodulin in the Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase by Phosphorylating Conditions

IV. Existence of Ca2+-Calmodulin-Dependent Tryptophan or Tyrosine Hydroxylase Kinase in Brain

V. Summary

References

Chapter 10 The Role of Calcium in Axoplasmic Transport in Nerve

I. Properties of Axoplasmic Transport

II. Dependence of Transport on Ca2+

III. Partial Sustaining Effect of Mg2+ on Transport

IV. Transport of Ca2+

V. Properties of Calcium-Binding Protein

VI. Isolation of Calmodulin from Mammalian Nerve

VII. Calcium and the Mechanism of Fast Axoplasmic Transport

VIII. Regulation of Ca2+ in Nerve

References

Chapter 11 Calcium Control of the Intestinal Microvillus Cytoskeleton

I. Introduction

II. Microvillus Calmodulin

III. Calcium Sensitivity of Microvillus Core Filaments

IV. Villin

V. Other Major Structural Proteins of the Core Filament Bundle

VI. Relationship of the Brush Border Cytoskeleton to the Vitamin D-Regulated Calcium Uptake System

VII. Do Microvilli Move ?

References

Chapter 12 Regulation of Insulin Release and Protein Phosphorylation by Calcium and Cyclic AMP: Possible Role for Calmodulin

I. Introduction

II. Role of Calcium and Cyclic AMP in Insulin Release

III. Protein Phosphorylation in Hamster Insulinoma Cells

IV. Possible Role for Calmodulin in Insulin Release

V. Summary

References

Chapter 13 Role of Calcium in Mediating Cellular Functions Important for Growth and Development in Higher Plants

I. Introduction

II. Calcium Uptake, Transport, and Distribution

III. Cellular Level Functions Mediated by Calcium

IV. Calcium and Plant Tropisms

V. Conclusion

References

Chapter 14 Localization of Calmodulin in Tissue Culture Cells

I. Introduction

II. Calmodulin Antibody: Detection of Occupied Cellular Acceptor Proteins

III. Fluorescent Calmodulin: Detection of Unoccupied Cellular Acceptor Proteins

IV. Calmodulin Acceptor Proteins: Purification and Localization

V. Epilogue

References

Chapter 15 Calcium-Dependent Neutral Protease: Its Characterization and Regulation

I. Introduction

II. Purification and Characterization

III. Role of Calcium Ion

IV. Substrate Specificity

V. Conversion of m-CANP to μ-CANP

VI. Endogenous Inhibitor

VII. Exogenous Inhibitor and Muscle Dystrophy

R eferences

Index