Brain Mechanisms in Mental Retardation

1st Edition - January 1, 1975
Editors: Nathaniel A. Buchwald, Mary A. B. Brazier
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 8 1 8 1 - 0

Series on Mental Retardation held in Oxnard, California, in January 1974. This book compiles research on neurobiological findings which might lead to an understanding of the basic… Read more

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Series on Mental Retardation held in Oxnard, California, in January 1974. This book compiles research on neurobiological findings which might lead to an understanding of the basic processes underlying the phenomena of mental deficiency and related aspects of human development. The topics discussed include the timing of major ontogenetic events in the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey; neuronal sprouting after hippocampal lesions; synaptic and dendritic development and mental defect; and CNS maturation and behavioral development. The neuronal control of neurochemical processes in the basal ganglia; nigrostriatal projections and the “dopamine receptor”; and effects of caudate nuclei removal in cats are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the effects of caudate nuclei removal versus frontal cortex lesions in kittens and role of biochemistry in research on mental retardation This publication is beneficial to medical practitioners and students concerned with mental retardation.

List of Contributors and Participants

Foreword

Welcoming Remarks

Part I Development of Neuronal Functions

1 Timing of Major Ontogenetic Events in the Visual Cortex of the Rhesus Monkey

References

2 Effects of Interference with Cerebellar Maturation on the Development of Locomotion. An Experimental Model of Neurobehavioral Retardation

References

3 Neuronal Sprouting after Hippocampal Lesions

References

4 Physiological Properties of Vertebrate Nerve Cells in Tissue Culture

References

4A Discussion: Biochemical Studies in Various Culture Systems of Neural Tissues

References

5 Synaptic and Dendritic Development and Mental Defect

References

6 Normal and Aberrant Neuronal Development in the Cerebral Cortex of Human Fetus and Young Infant

References

6A Discussion: CNS Maturation and Behavioral Development

References

6B Discussion: Development of Postsynaptic Potentials Recorded from Immature Neurons in Kitten Visual Cortex

References

Part II Role of the Basal Ganglia in Normal and Abnormal Development

7 Neurophysiological and Anatomical Interrelationships of the Basal Ganglia

References

8 Neuronal Control of Neurochemical Processes in the Basal Ganglia

References

8A Discussion: L-Dopa-Induced Improvement of Conditioned Response Inhibition

References

8B Discussion: Acetylcholine and the Caudate

References

9 Dopamine-Containing Neurons of the Substantia Nigra and Their Terminals in the Neostriatum

References

9A Discussion: Nigrostriatal Projections and the "Dopamine Receptor"

References

10 Effects of Caudate Nuclei Removal in Cats. Comparison with Effects of Frontal Cortex Ablation

References

Part III Behavioral Plasticity during Development

11 Brainstem Substrates of Sensory Information Processing and Adaptive Behavior

References

11A Discussion: Neurophysiological Substrates of Behavioral Habituation and Conditioning

References

12 Unit Recordings during Pavlovian Conditioning

References

12A Discussion: "Operant Sensitization" and Some Remarks on Unit Recording in Conscious Animals

References

13 Age, Sex, and Experience as Related to the Neural Basis of Cognitive Development

References

13A Discussion: Effects of Caudate Nuclei Removal versus Frontal Cortex Lesions in Kittens

References

14 Prenatal Nutrition and Neurological Development

References

15 The Futility of Comparative IQ Research

References

Part IV Metabolic Defects in Development

16 Hepatic Phenylalanine Hydroxylase and PKU

References

16A Discussion: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase in Human Kidney; Relevance to Phenylketonuria

References

17 Studies on the Molecular Defect in Galactosemia

References

18 The Enzymology of Tay-Sachs Disease and Its Variant Forms

References

18A Discussion: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, an Unusual Case with a Subtle Cerebroside Sulfatase Defect

References

19 Role of Biochemistry in Research on Mental Retardation

References

Epilogue

References

Author Index

Subject Index