Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals

Circular Bioeconomy: Technologies for Biofuels and Biochemicals

1st Edition - December 4, 2021
Editors: Sunita Varjani, Ashok Pandey, Thallada Bhaskar, S.Venkata Mohan, Daniel C.W. Tsang
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 8 5 5 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 0 4 6 - 0

Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Circular Bioeconomy: Technologies for Biofuels and Biochemicals provides comprehensive information on strategies and approaches that facilitat… Read more

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Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Circular Bioeconomy: Technologies for Biofuels and Biochemicals provides comprehensive information on strategies and approaches that facilitate the integration of technologies for the production of bio-based fuels, chemicals and other value-added products from wastes with waste biorefinery concepts and green strategies. The book also covers lifecycle assessment and techno-economic analyses of integrated biorefineries within a circular bioeconomy framework. As there has been continual research on new designs in production and consumerist approaches as we move towards sustainable development by scientists of various disciplines, law makers, environmental activists and industrialists, this book provides the latest details.

Resources consumption and environment degradation necessitates a transition of our linear economy towards sustainable social and technical systems. As fossil resources are only projected to fulfill the needs of the population for the next couple of centuries, new tactics and standards must be created to ensure future success.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Section 1: Integrated technologies for the production of biofuels
Chapter 1. Sustainable biorefineries for circular bioeconomy
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Circular bioeconomy within the framework of sustainability
1.3 Biorefinery concept for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals
1.4 Biorefinery methodologies
1.5 Valorization of resources into biofuels and bio-based chemicals
1.6 Improvement of the biorefinery aspect: integration and cascading of technologies
1.7 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
1.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2. Sustainable technologies for biodiesel production from microbial lipids
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of microbial lipids
2.3 Substrates for microbial biomass and lipids production
2.4 Bioprocesses for the production of biomass
2.5 Lipid recovery from wet biomass
2.6 Catalysts for biodiesel production from microbial lipids
2.7 Esterification/transesterification
2.8 Life-cycle analysis for biodiesel from microbial lipids
2.9 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
2.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. Integrated thermochemical and biochemical processes for the production of biofuels and biochemicals
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biomass conversion processes
3.3 Integrating thermochemical and biochemical processes
3.4 Economic feasibility and commercialization
3.5 Challenges and opportunities
3.6 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
3.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4. Integrated technologies for extractives recovery, fractionation, and bioethanol production from lignocellulose
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advances in extractives recovery
4.3 Biomass fractionation
4.4 Challenges in cellulosic bioethanol production
4.5 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
4.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Integrated technologies for biohydrogen production
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biological regulation technology in the process of biohydrogen production
5.3 Nonbiological regulation technology in the process of biohydrogen production
5.4 Environmental and economy benefits associated with biohydrogen
5.5 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Section 2: Integrated technologies for the production of chemicals and other value-added products
Chapter 6. Integrated bio-based processes for the production of industrially important chemicals
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Importance of bio-based processes
6.3 Common processing routes
6.4 Sugars as feedstock
6.5 Industrially important chemicals
6.6 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
6.7 Conclusions
Acknowldgment
References
Chapter 7. Integrated processing of soybean in a circular bioeconomy
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Industrial processing of soybean and main soy-derived products
7.3 Other commercial products obtained from soybean
7.4 Environmental aspects in the soybean production chain
7.5 Socioeconomic aspects in the soybean production chain
7.6 Valorization of soybean residues
7.7 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
7.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8. Integrated technologies for the production of antioxidant compounds and prebiotic oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biomass availability and current biomass processing technology
8.3 Separation of biomass components using ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
8.4 Conversion of hemicellulose and lignin to value-added chemicals
8.5 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
8.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9. Integration of technologies for bio-based materials preparation
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Common types of bio-based materials
9.3 Key technologies of bio-based material preparation
9.4 Application of bio-based materials
9.5 The necessity of technology integration
9.6 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
9.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 10. Sustainable technologies for damaged grains utilisation
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Food grains: current global scenario
10.3 Damaged food grains
10.4 Sustainable technologies for the utilization of damaged grains
10.5 Perspective for circular bioeconomy
10.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Sustainable technologies for the production of sophorolipids from renewable wastes
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nature and structure of sophorolipids
11.3 Microorganisms involved in the production of sophorolipids
11.4 Production of sophorolipids from wastes
11.5 Scaling-up of sophorolipids production
11.6 Industrial applications of sophorolipids
11.7 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
11.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 12. Sustainable chemical and biological technologies for the production of enantiopure added-value molecules in biorefineries
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biological production of enantiopure molecules
12.3 Chemical production of enantiopure molecules
12.4 Critical evaluation of biological and chemical approaches for the production of enantiopure molecules
12.5 Integrated production of enantiopure D-(+)-sparteine from food wastewater—an illustrative example
12.6 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
12.7 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 13. Sustainable production and applications of biochar in circular bioeconomy
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Assessment of circular bioeconomy for producing biochar
13.3 Assessment of circular bioeconomy for the applications of biochar
13.4 Perspectives for bioeconomy
13.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Sustainability of biofertilizers and other allied products from genetically modified microorganisms
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Improvement of beneficial bacterial strains by gene technology
14.3 Application of genetic engineering for improvement of beneficial actinomycetes
14.4 Mechanism of action involved by the strains toward promoting plant growth and development
14.5 Application of genetic engineering for improvement of Cyanobacteria
14.6 Application of genetic engineering for improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress and plant pathogens and pests
14.7 DNA- and RNA-based techniques for the detection of the impact of the genetically modified microorganism on indigenous microbial community
14.8 Processes for biofertilizer manufacturing
14.9 Limitations, challenges, and efficacy of biofertilizers
14.10 Comparison between biofertilizers produced by genetically modified organisms and conventional fertilizers
14.11 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
14.12 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 15. Innovative protein and enzyme engineering processes for the production of biomass hydrolyzing enzymes
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Biofuels and fossil fuels
15.3 Biodiesel conversion technologies
15.4 Biomass for biofuels production
15.5 Biomass to biofuels conversion technologies
15.6 Enzymes for biomass conversion
15.7 Improvement in the enzymes for efficient biomass conversion
15.8 Modern approaches to protein engineering
15.9 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
15.10 Conclusions
Reference
Chapter 16. Circular bioeconomy for biodiesel industry: Upgradation of waste glycerol to value-added products
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Current scenario of biodiesel industry
16.3 Integrated approaches of biodiesel industry
16.4 Glycerol: a major by-product
16.5 Strategies for intensification of product yield
16.6 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
16.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17. Integrated processes for production of pharmaceutical products from agro-wastes
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Merits and demerits of agro-industrial waste-based biorefineries
17.3 Reduction of waste generation during biorefinery processes
17.4 Biorefinery concept
17.5 Plant waste-based biorefinery
17.6 Techno-economic, environmental, and social assessment of biorefineries
17.7 Production of pharmaceutical products from a biorefinery
17.8 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
17.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 18. Sustainable production of succinic acid by utilization of agricultural wastes
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Platform chemicals
18.3 Succinic acid production by metabolic engineered strains
18.4 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
18.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19. Circular bioeconomy for stress-resilient fisheries and aquaculture
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Eco-designing of environmental protective and energy-efficient aquaculture production systems
19.3 Valorization by turning inorganic and organic wastes generated from capture fisheries, aquaculture production and processing industries into resources/valuable products
19.4 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
19.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20. Algae as sustainable food in space missions
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 History
20.3 Algal food in space missions
20.4 Algal bioreactors in space missions
20.5 Nutraceutical properties of Haematococcus pluvialis and diatoms
20.6 Biomass of Haematococcus pluvialis and diatom as food supplements for astronauts
20.7 Recycling of exhaled gases and wastewater for algal growth
20.8 Challenges for culturing live algal cultures in space missions
20.9 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
20.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 21. Techno-economic evaluation and life-cycle assessment of integrated biorefineries within a circular bioeconomy concept
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Design of supply chain network
21.3 Techno-economic and life-cycle costing evaluation of integrated biorefineries
21.4 Life-cycle assessment of integrated biorefineries
21.5 End-of-life approaches for recycling of used bio-based products
21.6 State-of-the-art results in techno-economic and environmental assessment of integrated biorefineries
21.7 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
21.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 22. Circular bioeconomy approaches for sustainability and carbon mitigation in microalgal biorefinery
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy—microalgae as the third-generation feedstock for sustainable biorefineries
22.3 Microalgal biorefineries
22.4 Valuable products in a microalgal biorefinery
22.5 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 23. Waste-to-energy technologies for sustainability: life- cycle assessment and economic analysis
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Governmental policies and regulations
23.3 Contribution of waste-to-energy toward sustainability
23.4 Waste management
23.5 Waste-to-energy technologies
23.6 Analysis methods
23.7 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
23.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24. Integrated approach for technology transfer awareness of traditional knowledge for upliftment of circular bioeconomy
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Traditional knowledge in the upliftment of circular bioeconomy across the globe
24.3 Traditional knowledge in agriculture and food security
24.4 Traditional knowledge in medicines
24.5 Traditional knowledge of biomass and biofuels
24.6 Traditional knowledge in aquaculture
24.7 Traditional knowledge in biofiber
24.8 Perspectives for circular bioeconomy
24.9 Lessons learnt and challenges ahead
24.10 The existing policies and amendments for the integration of traditional knowledge in circular bioeconomy
24.11 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Sunita Varjani

Dr. Sunita Varjani is Scientific Officer at Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Her major areas of research are Industrial and Environmental Microbiology/Biotechnology. She has worked as visiting scientist at EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Varjani has authored more than 110 publications, including research and review papers, books and book chapters. She has won several awards, including Young Scientist Awards from Association of Microbiologists of India, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability and AFRO-ASIAN Congress on Microbes for Human and Environmental Health, New Delhi; Top Reviewer Award - 2017, Bioresource Technology, Elsevier and Best Paper Awards in national and international conferences in 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2018. She is member of editorial board of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability and has served as guest editor of special issues of Bioresource Technology, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ASCE- Journal of Environmental Engineering and others. She is Management Council Member of the BRSI (www.brsi.in).

Affiliations and expertise

Scientific Officer, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Ashok Pandey

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Distinguished Scientist at the Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India and Executive Director (Honorary) at the Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability – India. Formerly, he was Eminent Scientist at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali and Chief Scientist & Head of Biotechnology Division and Centre for Biofuels at CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum. His major research and technological development interests are industrial & environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels & chemicals, waste to wealth & energy, industrial enzymes, etc. Professor Pandey is Adjunct/Visiting Professor/Scientist in universities in France, Brazil, Canada, China, Korea, South Africa, and Switzerland and also in several universities several in India. He has ~1425 publications/communications, which include 16 patents, 90 books, >700 papers and book chapters, etc with h index of 105 and ~48,800 citations (Goggle scholar). He has transferred several technologies to industries and has done industrial consultancy for about a dozen projects for Indian/international industries. Professor Pandey is the recipient of many national and international awards and honours, which include Highest Cited Researcher (Top 1% in the world), Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science (2020, 2019 & 2018); Top scientist in Biotechnology (#1 in India and #8 in the world), Stanford University world ranking (2020); Fellow, World Society of Sustainable Energy Technologies (2020); Fellow, Indian Chemical Society (2020); Distinguished Scientist, VDGOOD Professional Association, India (2020); Distinguished Professor of Eminence with global impact in the area of Biotechnology, Precious Cornerstone University, Nigeria (2020); IconSWM Life-time Achievement Award 2019, International Society for Solid Waste Management, KIIT, Bhubaneshwar, India (2019); Yonsei Outstanding Scholar, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (2019); Life-Time Achievement Award from the Biotech Research Society, India (2018); Life-Time Achievement Award from Venus International Research Awards (2018), Most Outstanding Researcher Award from Career360 (2018), Life-Time Achievement Award from the International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (2017); Fellow, Royal Society of Biology, UK (2016); Felow, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (2016); Academician of European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Austria (2015); Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, India (2012); Fellow, Association of Microbiologists of India (2008); Honorary Doctorate degree from Univesite Blaise Pascal, France (2007); Fellow, International Organization of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2007); Thomson Scientific India Citation Laureate Award, USA (2006); Fellow, the Biotech Research Society, India (2005); UNESCO Professor (2000); Raman Research Fellowship Award, CSIR (1995); GBF, Germany and CNRS, France Fellowships (1992) and Young Scientist Award (1989), etc. Professor Pandey is Founder President of the Biotech Research Society, India (www.brsi.in); Founder & International Coordinator of International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, France (www.ifibiop.org), Chairman of the International Society for Energy, Environment & Sustainability (www.isees.in), Editor-in-chief of Bioresource Technology (http://ees.elsevier.com/bite/), Honorary Executive Advisor of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability (www.jees.in), Journal of Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing (https://www.springer.com/journal/43393), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (http://neerijese.org/editorial-board/), Subject Editor, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India (https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/40011) and Associate Editor, Biologia – Section Cellular and Molecular Biology (https://www.springer.com/journal/11756/editors) and editorial board member of several international and Indian journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Distinguished Scientist, Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Thallada Bhaskar

Dr Thallada Bhaskar, Senior Scientist, is currently heading the Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. He received Ph D for his work at CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) from Osmania University, Hyderabad in the year 1999. He carried out Postdoctoral Research at Okayama University, Okayama, Japan after which he joined as Research Assistant Professor and taught catalysis, chemical kinetics and thermodynamics for ~7 years. He has about 90 publications in journals of international repute, contributed 10 book chapters to renowned publishers (ACS, Elsevier, Woodhead Publishing, CRC Press etc) and 11 patents to his in his field of expertise in addition to 250 national and international symposia presentations. His 20 years of research experience cover various fields of science revolving around his expertise in heterogeneous catalysis thermo-chemical conversion of biomass, waste plastics and e-waste plastics into value added hydrocarbons. He has prepared several catalysts and thrown a light on the structure activity relationships of novel catalytic materials for hydrotreatment of fossil based crudes. His contributions to the field of sustainable hydrocarbons are in the form of process knowhow and catalyst developments. His patents and publications discuss crucial points encompassing wide areas of thermo-catalytic conversion like pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction for biomass (agricultural, forest residues and aquatic biomass) and plastic waste (industrial and e-waste) conversion. In addition he worked on developing micro-channel reactors for several chemical reactions and separation processes. His other interests include utilization of non-conventional energies for the sustainable production of hydrocarbons utilizing the polymeric wastes available which will make the thermo-chemical methods of conversion more energy efficient. In view of his expertise, he is on the editorial board of 2 international peer reviewed journals and expert member of several committees. He received the Distinguished Researcher award from AIST (2013), Japan and Most Progressive Researcher award from FSRJ, Japan (2008). He is also the Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India and member of the Governing Council. He received the Raman Research Fellowship for the year 2013-14. He was also a JSPS Visiting Scientist to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan during 2009. He has carried out several research projects with great success with national and international collaborators. He has organized several international symposia in India and abroad in this area and visited several countries to deliver invited/ plenary lectures.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Scientist, Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India

S.Venkata Mohan

Dr.S.Venkata Mohan is working as Principal Scientist in CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad since 1998. He was a Visiting Professor at Kyoto University (2005) and Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Fellow at Technical University of Munich, Germany (2001-02). His main research interests are in the domain of Environmental Bioengineering Specifically in the areas of Advance Waste Remediation, Aciodogenesis, Microbial Electrogenesis, Photosynthesis and Waste Biorefinery. He has authored more than 310 research articles, 36 chapters for books, edited 4 books and has 9 patents. His publication has more than 12,750 citations with an h-index of 62 (Google Scholar). He has guided 22 PhDs., 2 M.Phils and more than 100 M.Tech./B.Tech./M.Sc. students. Recently, Dr Mohan recently successfully demonstrated a pilot plant for biohydrogen production from waste for MNRE and waste fed biorefinery platform for CSIR. He carried out various industrial and consultancy projects in the area of environmental management. Dr Mohan is recipient of coveted ‘Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize’ for the year 2014 in Engineering Sciences from Government of India. He also received several awards and honours, which includes, Most outstanding Researcher in the field of Environmental Science in India- 2018 by Carrer360, as ‘National Bioscience award-2012’ by DBT, Government of India, SERB-IGCW-2017 for ‘Biohydrogen Technology’ from DST-SERB, Environmental Engineering Design Award 2017 by the National Design and Research Forum (NDRF) of Institute of Engineers, India (2017), ‘Prosper.net-Scopus Young Researcher Award in Sustainable Development -2010’ under Energy Category by United Nations University and Elsevier, ‘NASI-Scopus Young Scientist Award- 2010’ in Earth, Oceanographic & Environmental Sciences by NASI and Elsevier, Nawab Zain Yar Jung Bahadur Memorial Prize-1994 by The Institution of Engineers (India), etc. Dr Mohan is an elected Fellow of National Academy of Engineering, Biotech Research Society of India, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh Akademy of Sciences, International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, Institution of Engineers, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, etc. Dr Mohan is National Editor for Science Portal (EVS), subject Editor for the Journal of Energy, Associate Editor for Frontiers in Environmental Science and Frontiers in Energy Research and is serving on the Editorial Board of several journals viz., Bioresource Technology, Advances in Energy Research, Carbon Resources Conversion, etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Principal Scientist, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India

Daniel C.W. Tsang

Prof. Tsang is a leading scientist in waste-to-resource technology, hazardous waste treatment, and carbon capture and utilization. Over the years, he has published more than 500 peer-reviewed papers in the top 10% of journals and has been invited to deliver keynote speeches or to chair seminars at international conferences. He was also awarded as a 2021 Highly Cited Researcher (Clarivate Analytics) for both Engineering and Environment and Ecology, with his professional contributions being recognized by local and international communities. He serves as Associate Editor for Science of the Total Environment, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Hazardous Materials.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and MSc Program Leader, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Pao Yue-Kong Chair Professor, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China