Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals

Green-Economy: Systems Analysis for Sustainability

1st Edition - September 17, 2021
Editors: Ganti S. Murthy, Edgard Gnansounou, Samir Kumar Khanal, Ashok Pandey
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 2 4 2 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 2 4 3 - 6

Systems analysis for sustainability is an emerging discipline where technologies, processes or policies are evaluated comprehensively for sustainability. Trifold sustainability… Read more

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Systems analysis for sustainability is an emerging discipline where technologies, processes or policies are evaluated comprehensively for sustainability. Trifold sustainability metrics such as technical feasibility, economic viability and environmental impacts are commonly used to assess sustainability. In addition to these metrics, it is important to consider resource sustainability, policies and social aspects for evaluating the sustainability of any proposed alternative. Green-Economy: Systems Analysis for Sustainability provides a theoretical background to perform such analyses and detailed case studies. The first part of this book introduces methods and tools to perform technical feasibility analysis, economic viability analysis, environmental impacts assessment, environmental risk assessment, resource sustainability assessment, policy and social aspects of technologies, general logic-based sustainability assessment for green products and introduces resilience thinking. The second part of the book focuses on case studies with an emphasis on solar energy, biofuels and bioproducts from across the globe.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
CHAPTER ONE Systems analysis and its relevance for the sustainability transitions
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of systems analysis for sustainable development
1.3 Understanding the systems
1.4 Structure and behavior of systems
1.5 Making sense of data and understanding bias in analyzing systems
1.6 Relevance of systems analysis for a transition to bioeconomy
1.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER TWO Techno-economic assessment
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Different methods used in techno-economic analysis/assessment
2.3 Basic Steps of techno-economic analysis/assessment
2.4 Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
2.5 Real option analysis
2.6 Tools, software, and data sources to conduct techno-economic analysis/assessment
2.7 Worked example
2.8 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER THREE Environmental impacts
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methods used for assessing the environmental impacts
3.3 Life cycle assessment
3.4 Life cycle assessment/analysis methodology
3.5 Life cycle assessment/analysis software and life cycle inventory databases
3.6 Worked example
3.7 Perspectives
3.8 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER FOUR Environmental risk assessment
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 What is risk analysis?
4.3 Risk analysis method
4.4 Databases, tools, and software
4.5 Examples
4.6 Perspectives
4.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER FIVE Resource assessment
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
References
CHAPTER SIX Policy, governance, and social aspects
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Complexities of policy making
6.3 Commonly used policy making models
6.4 Policy making frameworks
6.5 Social and governance aspects
6.6 Case studies
6.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER Seven Resilience thinking
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Understanding and quantifying resilience
7.3 Resilience thinking in systems analysis
7.4 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER Eight General logic-based method for assessing the greenness of products and systems
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The sustainability value added
8.3 The logic-based model
8.4 Application for assessing the sustainability of products and systems
8.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER NINE A systems analysis of first- and second-generation ethanol in the United Statess
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Systems analysis of ethanol technologies
9.3 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER TEN Solar energy in India
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Development of solar energy in India
10.3 Challenges to solar energy in India
10.4 Innovative responses to the challenges
10.5 Overall scenario
10.6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER ELEVEN A systems analysis of solar and wind energy in the United States
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Technical feasibility analysis
11.3 Environmental Impact assessment
11.4 Resource sustainability analysis
11.5 Policy, governance, and social impact analysis
11.6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER TWELVE Biofuels and bioproducts in India
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Systems analysis of biofuel technologies
12.3 Resource assessment for bioethanol from agricultural residues
12.4 Techno-economic analysis
12.5 Environmental impact assessment
12.6 Policy and social aspects of biofuels in India
12.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER THIRTEEN A case study on integrated systems analysis for biomethane use
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Dimensions of systems analysis
13.3 Case study of Ireland for biomethane use
13.4 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Alternative ammonia production processes and the use of renewables
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Ammonia production via current practices
14.3 Haber–Bosch using electrochemical H2 production (E/H–B)
14.4 Direct electrochemical nitrogen reduction
14.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Regional strategy of advanced biofuels for transportation in West Africa
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Case of West Africa
15.3 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Advanced biofuels for transportation in West Africa: Common referential state-based strategies
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Types of feedstock for advanced biofuels
16.3 Biofuels for transportation
16.4 Cases of West African states
16.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Semantic sustainability characterization of biorefineries: A logic-based model
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The problematic of sustainability characterization
17.3 Case study
17.4 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Solid biofuels
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Solid biofuel types
18.3 Solid biofuel properties
18.4 Chemical properties
18.5 Costs of solid biofuels supply
18.6 Life-cycle environmental impacts
18.7 Solid biofuel policies
18.8 Opportunities for using solid biofuels
18.9 Challenges for solid biofuels
18.10 Conclusions and perspectives
References
CHAPTER NINETEEN Potential value-added products from wineries residues
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 A large diversity of wastes/residues of grape
19.3 Valorization of the residues and wastes
19.4 Proposed biorefinery scenario using zero-waste cascading valorization of wastes and residues
19.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Index

Ganti S. Murthy

Short CV: Ganti S. Murthy is a professor in Biological and Ecological Engineering Department at Oregon State University. He completed his B.Tech in Agricultural Engineering from NERIST, Arunachal Pradesh and M.Tech in Dairy and Food Engineering from IIT-Kharagpur, India. He then went to pursue PhD in Agricultural and Biological Engineering at Univ. of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and obtained his PhD in Dec., 2006. He joined Oregon State University in 2007. Dr. Murthy’s research is broadly focused on sustainable bioprocessing. For any proposed technology or policy, Murthy group seeks to answer the question: “Is this approach technically feasible, economic viable, resource sustainable and has lower environmental impacts compared to alternatives? If not, how can we make it so.” His group employs a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches using control theory, systems biology, process modeling, economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to conduct molecular, cellular, industrial scale and systems level analyses of technologies to establish a sustainable bioeconomy. Recently, Murthy group has been trying to understand the nutrient-energy-water nexus at regional and global scale with particular focus on building resilience of agro-ecological systems to pulse and pressure disturbances.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Professor, Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Edgard Gnansounou

Edgard Gnansounou is Professor of modelling and planning of Energy Systems at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) where he is Director of the Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group. His current research works comprise techno-economic and environmental assessment of bio-refinery schemes based on conversion of agricultural residues. He is leading research projects in that field in several countries including Brazil, Colombia and South Africa. Edgard Gnansounou is credited with numerous papers in high impact scientific journals. He is member of the editorial board of Bioresource Technology. He graduated with a M.S. in Civil Engineering and Ph.D. in Energy Systems at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne. He was a visiting researcher at the Thayer College, Dartmouth School of Engineering with Professor Charles Wyman (USA), at Polytech of Clermont-Ferrand, University Blaise Pascal (France) and at the Center of Biofuels, the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum (India). He was also a visiting Professor of the African University of Science of Technology (Abuja, Nigeria). He is a citizen of Benin (Africa) and Switzerland. Professor Ashok Pandey is Deputy Director at CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology at Trivandrum and heading the Centre for Biofuels and Biotechnology Division there. Professor Pandey’s research interests are on bio-based economy development (biomass-based biorefinery) for the production of fuels and chemicals. He has >1000 publications/communications, which include 14 patents & design copyright, 34 books, 100 book chapters, 380 original and review papers, etc with h index of 62 and >16,800 citation (Goggle scholar).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Energy Systems Modeling, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland; Professor, Energy Supply Chain, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco

Samir Kumar Khanal

Dr. Samir Kumar Khanal is a Professor of Biological Engineering at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Previously, he was a post-doctoral research associate and Research Assistant Professor at Iowa State University for 6 years. Dr. Khanal obtained Ph.D. in Civil Engineering with a focus in Environmental Biotechnology from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong in 2002. He obtained in M.S. in environmental engineering from Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand in 1997. Dr. Khanal is a leading researcher, internationally in the field of anaerobic digestion, waste-to-resources and environmental biotechnology. Dr. Khanal, to date, has published over 90 refereed papers in high quality international journals. He also delivered over 90 keynote/invited presentation internationally. In addition, he also wrote and published a book entitled “Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications” (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008). Dr. Khanal edited another book, as the Lead Editor, entitled “Bioenergy and Biofuel from Biowastes and Biomass” (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2010). Both books have become the best-sellers in the respective field. Recently he also published a bioenergy textbook entitled Bioenergy: Principles and Application (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016). He has supervised 11 Ph.D., 16 M.S., 17 undergraduate and 12 high school students, 13 post-docs and 14 visiting scholars. Dr. Khanal is also an editorial board member of the highly prestigious international journal, Bioresource Technology and Korean Journal of Environmental Engineering. He is also a recipient of CTAHR Dean’s Award for Excellence in Research (2016), University of Hawaii at Manoa. Dr. Khanal is a professional engineer (environmental engineering) in the state of Iowa.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong

Ashok Pandey

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Distinguished Scientist at the Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India and Executive Director (Honorary) at the Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability – India. Formerly, he was Eminent Scientist at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali and Chief Scientist & Head of Biotechnology Division and Centre for Biofuels at CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum. His major research and technological development interests are industrial & environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels & chemicals, waste to wealth & energy, industrial enzymes, etc. Professor Pandey is Adjunct/Visiting Professor/Scientist in universities in France, Brazil, Canada, China, Korea, South Africa, and Switzerland and also in several universities several in India. He has ~1425 publications/communications, which include 16 patents, 90 books, >700 papers and book chapters, etc with h index of 105 and ~48,800 citations (Goggle scholar). He has transferred several technologies to industries and has done industrial consultancy for about a dozen projects for Indian/international industries. Professor Pandey is the recipient of many national and international awards and honours, which include Highest Cited Researcher (Top 1% in the world), Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science (2020, 2019 & 2018); Top scientist in Biotechnology (#1 in India and #8 in the world), Stanford University world ranking (2020); Fellow, World Society of Sustainable Energy Technologies (2020); Fellow, Indian Chemical Society (2020); Distinguished Scientist, VDGOOD Professional Association, India (2020); Distinguished Professor of Eminence with global impact in the area of Biotechnology, Precious Cornerstone University, Nigeria (2020); IconSWM Life-time Achievement Award 2019, International Society for Solid Waste Management, KIIT, Bhubaneshwar, India (2019); Yonsei Outstanding Scholar, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (2019); Life-Time Achievement Award from the Biotech Research Society, India (2018); Life-Time Achievement Award from Venus International Research Awards (2018), Most Outstanding Researcher Award from Career360 (2018), Life-Time Achievement Award from the International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (2017); Fellow, Royal Society of Biology, UK (2016); Felow, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (2016); Academician of European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Austria (2015); Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, India (2012); Fellow, Association of Microbiologists of India (2008); Honorary Doctorate degree from Univesite Blaise Pascal, France (2007); Fellow, International Organization of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2007); Thomson Scientific India Citation Laureate Award, USA (2006); Fellow, the Biotech Research Society, India (2005); UNESCO Professor (2000); Raman Research Fellowship Award, CSIR (1995); GBF, Germany and CNRS, France Fellowships (1992) and Young Scientist Award (1989), etc. Professor Pandey is Founder President of the Biotech Research Society, India (www.brsi.in); Founder & International Coordinator of International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, France (www.ifibiop.org), Chairman of the International Society for Energy, Environment & Sustainability (www.isees.in), Editor-in-chief of Bioresource Technology (http://ees.elsevier.com/bite/), Honorary Executive Advisor of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability (www.jees.in), Journal of Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing (https://www.springer.com/journal/43393), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (http://neerijese.org/editorial-board/), Subject Editor, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India (https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/40011) and Associate Editor, Biologia – Section Cellular and Molecular Biology (https://www.springer.com/journal/11756/editors) and editorial board member of several international and Indian journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Distinguished Scientist, Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India