Biology of the Lymphokines
1st Edition
Description
Biology of the Lymphokines discusses the scope and diversity of lymphokine research. This book focuses on the studies on lymphokines, such as those involving cellular source, chemical nature, purification strategies, and bioassay limitations. The mechanism of lymphokine action, lymphokines in vivo, and value of lymphokine quantitations are also covered. This text describes the repertoire of lymphokines produced by various lymphoblastoid cell lines and its significance for coping with the problem of large scale lymphokine production. The anti-viral and general immunoregulatory properties of interferons and rationale developed for integrating interferons with the family of lymphokines are likewise deliberated. This publication is a good source for students and researchers conducting work on lymphokines.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
1. The Lymphokine Concept
I. Historical Perspective
II. What Lymphokines Are
III. Where Lymphokines Originate
IV. Biological Relevance
References
2. Lymphokines as Inflammatory Mediators
I. Introduction
II. Delayed Hypersensitivity
III. The Lymphokines
IV. The Role of Lymphokines In Vivo
V. Concluding Remarks
References
3. Mechanism of Action of Migration Inhibitory Lymphokines
I. Introduction
II. The Mechanism of Macrophage and PMN Motility
III. Manifestations of MIF Action
IV. Interaction of MIFs with the Cell Membrane
V. Intracellular Events in MIF Action
VI. Modulation of MIF Action
VII. Conclusion
References
4. The Activation of Macrophages by Lymphokines
I. Introduction
II. Characterization of the Lymphocyte Mediator That Activates Macrophages
III. Changes in Macrophages Induced by Lymphocyte Mediators
IV. Other Means of Activating Macrophages
V. Some Effector Mechanisms of Activated Macrophages
VI. The Appearance of New Antigen Determinants on Activated Macrophages
References
5. Cytotoxic and Growth Inhibitory Lymphokines
I. Introduction
II. Molecular Dimensions
III. Biokinetics
IV. Regulatory Mechanisms
V. Mechanism of Action
VI. The Role of LT in Cell-Mediated Immune (CMI) Reactions In Vitro
References
6. The Relationship between Lymphokines and Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
I. Introduction
II. T-Cell-Mediated Cytolysis
III. Lymphotoxin-Mediated Cell Destruction
IV. Relation of LT to Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
References
7. Quantification of Lymphokine Production in Human Disease
I. Introduction
II. Description of Assay Systems
III. Lymphokine Production in Human Disease
IV. Summary
References
8. Cellular Sources of Lymphokines
I. Introduction—General Mechanisms of Cell Activation
II. T-Cell-Derived Lymphokines
III. Macrophage Dependency of T-Cell Lymphokine Production
IV. B-Cell-Derived Lymphokines
V. Physicochemical Comparisons of B- and T-Cell-Produced Lymphokines
VI. Macrophage-Derived Factors
VII. Production of Lymphokines by Lymphoid Cell Lines
VIII. Summary and Conclusions
References
9. Cytokines: Lymphokine-like Mediators Produced by Nonlymphoid Cells
I. Introduction
II. Production of MIF by Nonlymphoid Cells
III. Production of Cytokines by Virus-Infected Nonlymphoid Cells
IV. Comparison between Lymphokines and Cytokines
V. Interferons and Cytokines
VI. Concluding Remarks
References
10. Purification and Characterization of Lymphokines
I. Introduction
II. General Physicochemical Properties of Lymphokines
III. Chemical Identities of and Differences among Various Lymphokines
IV. Promising New Approaches for Characterization and Purification of Lymphokines
V. Conclusion
References
11. Biological Effects of Lymphocyte and Macrophage-Derived Mitogenic "Amplification" Factors
I. Introduction
II. Historical Perspective
III. Mitogenic Factor (MF)
IV. Lymphocyte Activating Factor (LAF)
V. Abnormalities of Mediator Production
VI. Conclusions
References
12. Characterization of Mitogenic Factors and Their Effect on the Antibody Response In Vitro
I. Introduction
II. Biochemistry of Lymphoproliferative Factors
III. Possible Role of Lymphoproliferative Factors in the Regulation of Antibody Synthesis In Vitro
IV. Summary
References
13. Immunoregulatory Products of Macrophages
I. Introduction
II. Suppression of Lymphocyte Activities by Macrophages
III. Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Suppression by Macrophages
IV. Macrophage Products That Inhibit Lymphocyte Reactions
V. Selectivity of Macrophage-Mediated Suppression Toward Lymphocyte Subpopulations
VI. The Macrophage as an Intermediary Cell for Lymphocyte-Induced Suppression
VII. Summary
References
14. Lymphokines in Nonspecific T Cell-B Cell Cooperation
I. Introduction
II. Production of T-Cell-Replacing Factors
III. Biochemical Characterization
IV. Biological Properties
V. Regulation of TRF Activity
VI. Concluding Remarks
References
15. Antigen-Specific Regulatory Factors in the Immune Response
I. Introduction
II. The Helper Pathway
III. Antigen-Specific Helper Factors
IV. Antigen-Specific Suppression
V. Antigen-Specific Suppressor Factors
VI. Conclusions
References
16. Specific and Nonspecific Suppressor T-Cell Factors
I. Introduction
II. Nonspecific Suppressor Factors
III. Antigen-Specific Suppressor Factors
References
17. The Comparative Biology of Immune and Classical Interferons
I. Introduction
II. Production of Interferon
III. Characterization and Assay of Interferon
IV. Mechanism of Action of Interferon
V. Role as an Antiviral Agent
VI. Effects of Interferon on the Immune Response
VII. Other Nonantiviral Effects
VIII. Clinical Studies on Production
IX. Classical Interferon as a Therapeutic Agent
X. Conclusions
References
18. Production of Colony Stimulating Factors by Lymphoid Tissues
I. Some Cautionary Comments
II. Hemopoietic Colony Formation In Vitro and Colony Stimulating Factors
III. Production of GM-CSF by Lymphoid Populations
IV. Stimulation of Lymphoid Populations by Pokeweed Mitogen
V. Stimulation of Lymphoid Populations by Other Mitogens and Specific Antigens
VI. The Role of Mitogens in the Production of CSF in Active Conditioned Media by Lymphoid Populations
VII. Relation Between CSF and Other Lymphokines
VIII. Possible Production in Vivo of Hemopoietic Factors by Lymphoid Populations
IX. Summary
References
19. The Role of Intracellular Mediators in the Immune Response
I. Introduction: General Concepts
II. Cyclic AMP
III. Calcium
IV. Cyclic GMP
V. Role of Cytoskeletal Elements
VI. Noncyclic Nucleotides and Nucleosides
VII. Lipids
VIII. Concluding Remarks
References
20. Overview: Biology of the Lymphokines
I. Introduction and Historical Background
II. Evolutionary Origin of Lymphokines
III. Biological Role and Classification of Lymphokines
IV. Lymphokine Action on Target Cell Functions
V. General Comments
Appendix
References
Index
Details
- No. of pages:
- 644
- Language:
- English
- Copyright:
- © Academic Press 1979
- Published:
- 1st January 1979
- Imprint:
- Academic Press
- eBook ISBN:
- 9781483271422
About the Editor
Stanley Cohen
Affiliations and Expertise
Emeritus Founding Director, Center for Biophysical Pathology, Rutgers-NJMS Adjunct Professor of Pathology Feinberg Med. Sch., Northwestern U. Perelman Med. Sch., U. Penn., & Kimmel Sch. of Medicine, Jefferson U.