
Biology of Halophytes
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Biology of Halophytes is a monograph on the biological aspects of halophytes and their behavior under saline conditions. It explores the physioecological characteristics of halophytes, such as reproduction, growth, metabolism, water relations, mineral nutrition, salt transport, salt secretion, and salt resistance. It also provides ecological information on higher marine plants, particularly submerged angiosperms, mangroves, and high coast plants. Organized into 16 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of sources of salinity and the development and nature of salines and salt-affected soils. It proceeds with a discussion of the classification of halophytes, their mutual relationships, distribution, and sociology. It also summarizes autecological information on some terrestrial halophytes and introduces the reader to the formative effects of salinity, interrelationships between plants and spatial distribution within the community, ion transport and mineral nutrition, and regulation of salt content of shoots, before concluding with a short review on ecotypic differentiation in halophytes. This book will be a valuable resource for advanced students, as well as teachers of plant and environmental sciences.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1. Sources of Salinity
Marine Sources
Lithogenic Sources
Anthropogenic Sources
Chapter 2. Formation of Salines
Salt Cycles in Nature
Water Regimes and Salt Accumulation
Marine Salines
Coastal Salines
Inland Salines
Aerogenic Salines
Anthropogenic Salines
Chapter 3. Saline and Sodic Soils
General Characteristics of Saline Soils
Soil Salinity and Water Relations
Sodium Adsorption and Profile Formation
Classification of Saline and Sodic Soils
The Ecology of Waterlogged Halomorphic Soils
Chapter 4. Classification
Text
Chapter 5. Distribution and Synecology of Halophytes
Classification of Halophytic Communities
Typical Halophytic Communities
Succession in Salt-Affected Habitats
Interrelationships between Plants and Spatial Distribution within the Community
Life Form, Distribution, and Migration of Halophytes
Chapter 6. Water Relations
General Remarks: Water in Saline Soils
Availability of Water to Plants
Salinity and Water Flow
Osmotic Adaptation
Water Transport in Stems
Transpiration
Absorption of Atmospheric Moisture
Chapter 7. Ion Transport and Mineral Nutrition
General Remarks: Nutrition in a Hostile Environment
Salt Movement toward Roots
Salt Uptake and Uptake Mechanisms
Difference in Ion Uptake along Roots
Ion Distribution throughout Plants
Localization of Ions in Subcellular Compartments
Nutritional Requirements for Sodium and Chloride
Effects of Salinity on Metabolism of the Major Nutritive Cations and Anions
Specific Problems of Plant Nutrition in Salt Marshes and Saline Springs
Chapter 8. Regulation of Salt Content of Shoots
Secretion of Salts
Salt Leaching
Guttation
Removal of Salt-Saturated Organs
Salt Retransportation
Accumulation of Salts in Salt Hairs
Ecological Significance of Salt Removal
Chapter 9. Dispersal and Propagation
Dissemination of Fruits and Seeds
Germination
Vegetative Reproduction
Chapter 10. Growth
General Remarks
Growth Inhibition and Osmotic Effects
Ionic Effects
Effects of Salinity on Growth of Various Organs
Aftereffects of Salinity
Productivity
Chapter 11. Metabolism
Salinity and Respiration
Salinity and Carbohydrate Metabolism
Effects of Salinity on Activity of Some Enzymes
Organic Acid Metabolism
Dark C02 Fixation
Effects on Assimilation
Effects of Salinity on Metabolism of Proteins and Growth Regulators
Miscellaneous Effects
Chapter 12. Salt Resistance
Definitions
Salt Resistance, Growth, and Differentiation
Ion Composition and Salt Resistance
Salt Damage and Salt Tolerance
Raising the Resistance of Plants to Salts
Resistance to Salt, Drought, and Alkalinity
Chapter 13. Formative Effects of Salinity
Classification of Succulents
Modification of Leaves
Modification of Stems
Modifications of Roots
Chapter 14. Marine Halophytes
Submerged Marine Angiosperms
Mangroves
High Coast Halophytes
Chapter 15. Ecological Notes on Some Terrestrial Halophytes
Introduction
Aeluropus litoralis (Willd.) Pari.
Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd.
Arthrocnemum Moq.
Aster tripolium L.
Atriplex L.
Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen.
Halogeton C. A. Mey.
Juncus L.
Limonium Mill.
Nitraria return (Forssk.) Aschers.
Phragmites communis Trin.
Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Eig.
Salicornia L.
Spartina Schreb.
Suaeda Forssk. ex Scop.
Tamarix L.
Chapter 16. Ecotypic Differentiation
General Remarks
Morphological Adaptation
Phenological Adaptations
Anatomical Adaptations
Physiological Adaptations
References
Author index
Genus and Species Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 410
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1972
- Published: January 1, 1972
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323151580