Biological Horizons in Surface Science

1st Edition - January 1, 1973
Editor: L Prince
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 8 6 0 - 3

Biological Horizons in Surface Science presents techniques used in surface science research as well as experimental data. It is organized in such a way that there is a transition… Read more

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Biological Horizons in Surface Science presents techniques used in surface science research as well as experimental data. It is organized in such a way that there is a transition from the more theoretical or molecular to the more biological. Emphasis is placed on the importance of water in determining molecular architecture and interactions. Methods of examining molecular associations and complex formation of molecules are discussed, and the results from such studies are reviewed. Permeability is examined from the point of view of the energies required to penetrate between two different phases, and from the role that multicellular membranes may play in directing the diffusion of ions or solutes in general. Current concepts of membrane structure based on membrane models are discussed and some new models are suggested. Application of surface science techniques and the unique energies present at interphases are considered with regard to drug interaction with biological tissue and immunological phenomena. The importance of surfactant protein-lipid association is also discussed in regard to alveolar mechanics. This book is directed particularly to biologists who will find many of the techniques used of significance in their own research. It also aims to interest graduate students in this area of investigation.

List of Contributors

Preface

1. Classic Techniques of Surface Science

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Techniques (Pure Liquids and Solutions)

III. Interpretation of the Data

IV. Experimental Techniques for Insoluble Surfactants

V. Conclusions

References

2. Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies of Membranes and Membrane Components

I. Introduction

II. Thermal Techniques

III. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods

IV. Summary

References

3. Reactions and Molecular Interactions at Interfaces

I. Introduction

II. Methods and Parameters

III. Interactions in Mixed Monolayers

IV. Reactions in Monolayers

V. Significance of the 1:3 Molar Ratio in Mixed Surfactant Systems

VI. Surface Chemistry and Its Biomedical Implications

References

4. Solute Transfer across Liquid-Liquid Interphases

I. Introduction

II. Techniques for Interphase Transfer Studies

III. Results of Interphase Transfer Studies

IV. Interphase Transfer and Cell Permeabilities Examined by Current Theoretical Treatments

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

5. Phospholipid Membranes as Experimental Models for Biological Membranes Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

I. Model Membranes as a Shortcut to the Study of Membrane-Dependent Cellular Phenomena

II. Techniques for the Formation of Model Membranes

III. Evidence for the Orientation of Lipid Molecules in Membranes

IV. Permeability Properties of Unmodified Model Membranes

V. Properties of Modified Model Membranes

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

6. Surface vs. Transcellular Routes in the Transport of Sodium across Epithelial Membranes

I. Introduction

II. Surface vs. Transcellular Resistance

III. The Nontranscellular Model of Sodium Transport across Epithelial Membranes

IV. The Movement of Sodium at the Outer Solution-Epithelium Boundary

V. Ionic Selectivity of Lipids in the Frog Skin

VI. Summary

References

7. Surface Science and Immunochemistry

I. Introduction

II. Surface Behavior of Ceramide Lactosides and Related Lipids

III. Development of a Model

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

8. Membrane Anesthesia

I. The Apparent Specific Action of Nonspecific Drugs

II. The General Property of Membrane Stabilization by Drugs

III. The Erythrocyte Membrane Is a Model for Studying the Nonelectrical Effects of Anesthetics on Cell Membranes

IV. Membrane Expansion by Anesthetics

V. General Anesthesia Occurs at 0.3% Expansion While Local Anesthesia Occurs at 2-3% Expansion of the Membrane Area

VI. Possible Mechanisms of Membrane Expansion by Anesthetics

VII. The Anesthetizing Concentration in the Membrane is 0.005 Molal for General Anesthesia and 0.05 Molal for Local Anesthesia

VIII. Membrane Area Expansion Cannot Be Completely Accounted for by the Bulk Volume of the Adsorbed Anesthetic Molecules

IX. The Hydrophobic Nature of the Anesthetic-Membrane Interaction

X. The Relationship between Membrane Expansion and Eyring's Activated State

XI. Electrical Stabilization of the Membrane

References

9. Digestion and Absorption of Lipids in the Intestinal Tract

I. Introduction

II. Degradation of Lipids

III. Physicochemical State of Lipids in the Intestinal Content

IV. Absorption Phase

V. The Chylomicrons

VI. General Conclusions

References

10. Emulsions

I. Introduction

II. Theory of Emulsions

III. Individual Roles of Intestinal Constituents in Emulsification

IV. Lipid Absorption

References

11. Pulmonary Surfactants: Molecular Structure and Biological Activity

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Composition of the Surfactant System

III. Isolation of Pulmonary Surfactants by Preparative Ultracentrifugation

IV. Pulmonary Lecithin

V. Proteins of the Surfactant System

VI. Surface Viscosity

VII. Directions of Study: Old and New

VIII. Summary and Conclusions

References

12. Concordance

I. Introduction

II. Bond Types

III. Structure and Function

IV. Intramolecular Surfaces

V. Multimolecular Interfaces

VI. Conclusion

References

Author Index

Subject Index