Biochemical Actions of Hormones V12

Contributors

Preface


1. Generation of Diversity of Opioid Peptides

I. Introduction

II. Approaches and Strategies Used in Characterizing the Opioid Peptide Precursor Proteins

III. Structure of Opioid Peptide Genes

IV. Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Opioid Peptide Gene Expression

V. Regulation of POMC Gene Expression

VI. Proenkephalin Gene Regulation

VII. Translational and Posttranslational Control of Production of Opioid Peptides

References


2 Polypeptide Hormone Regulation of Prolactin Gene Transcription

I. Introduction

II. Regulation of Prolactin Synthesis by Peptide Hormones

III. Transduction Mechanisms of TRH-Stimulated Prolactin Gene Transcription

IV. The Potential Significance of Transcriptional Regulation by Peptide Hormones

References


3. Glucocorticoid Regulation of Metallothionein Gene Expression

I. Introduction

II. Regulation of the Mouse MT-I Gene by Glucocorticoids

III. Comparisons to Heavy Metal Regulation

IV. Regulation of the Mouse MT-I Gene in New Environments

V. Summary

References


4. Regulation of the Synthesis of Tyrosine Aminotransferase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase by Glucocorticoid Hormones

I. Introduction and Historical Perspective

II. Regulation of Tyrosine Aminotransferase by Glucocorticoid Hormones

III. Glucocorticoid Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase

IV. Conclusions and Perspectives

References


5. Messenger RNA Stabilization and Gene Transcription in the Estrogen Induction of Vitellogenin mRNA

I. Introduction: The Xenopus Vitellogenin System

II. Nuclear Actions of Estrogen in Vitellogenin mRNA Induction

III. Estrogen Stabilizes Cytoplasmic Vitellogenin mRNA

IV. Methods for Determination of Rates of Gene Transcription and mRNA Degradation

V. Potential Mechanisms for the Regulation of mRNA Degradation

VI. Estrogen Action in Xenopus Liver

VII. Summary

References


6. Regulation of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Gene Expression by Hormones and Calcium

I. Introduction

II. Cell Lines Currently Employed to Study Regulation of Growth Hormone and Prolactin

III. Development of a Cytoplasmic Dot Hybridization Technique for Studies of mRNA Regulation

IV. Regulation by Glucocorticoid and Thyroid Hormones of Growth Hormone Gene Expression

V. Regulation and Mediation by Calcium of Specific Gene Expression

VI. Summary

References


7. Mechanisms Involved in the Actions of Calcium-Dependent Hormones

I. Introduction

II. Changes in Cytosolic Ca2+ Induced by Calcium-Dependent Hormones

III. Mobilization of Intracellular Ca2+ by Calcium-Dependent Hormones

IV. Stimulation of Ca2+ Influx or Inhibition of Ca2+ Efflux by Calcium-Dependent Hormones

V. Role of Cytosolic Ca2+ in the Physiological Responses to Calcium-Dependent Hormones

VI. Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms of Calcium-Dependent Hormones

VII. Effects of Calcium-Dependent Hormones on Phosphoinositide Metabolism

VIII. Summary

References


8. Steroid and Polypeptide Hormone Interaction in Milk-Protein Gene Expression

I. Introduction

II. Hormonal Stimulation of Milk-Protein Synthesis in Mammary Tissue In Vitro

III. Studies in Expiants of Mammary Tissue In Vitro

IV. Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology of Protein Synthesis

V. Measurements of Casein mRNA Activity

VI. Hormone Responses of Mammary Cell Polysomes Active in Casein Synthesis

VII. Specific Transcription of Casein mRNAs

VIII. Quantitative Measurement of Hormonal Influence on Casein Gene Expression in Murine Mammary Gland In Vivo

IX. Milk-Protein Gene Expression in Mammary Tissue In Vitro

X. Dissociation of Mammogenesis and Lactogenesis in a Two-Step Culture Model

XI. Simultaneous Occurrence of Morphogenesis and Casein Gene Expression

XII. Glucocorticoid and Prolactin Interaction in Milk-Protein Gene Expression

XIII. Role of Progesterone in Casein Gene Expression

XIV. Nuclear Binding of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Milk-Protein Gene Expression

XV. Hormonal Regulation of Milk-Protein Gene Expression in Rats and Rabbits

XVI. Possible Mechanisms of Prolactin Action

XVII. Action of Insulin

XVIII. Milk-Protein cDNA Chnes and Concluding Remarks

References


9. Control of Prolactin Production by Estrogen

I. Introduction

II. Estrogen Stimulates the Growth of Prolactin-Producing Cells

III. Estrogen Affects the Morphology of Prolactin-Producing Cells

IV. Estrogen Induces Pituitary Tumors

V. Estrogen Stimuhtes Synthesis of Prolactin

VI. Estrogen Increases Prolactin Storage

VII. Estrogen Changes the Response of Prolactin Cells to Agents That Affect Prolactin Release

VIII. Rapid Effects of Estrogen

IX. Effects of Antiestrogens

X. Conclusion

References


10. Genetic and Epigenetic Bases of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Lymphoid Cell Lines

I. Introduction

II. Genetic Defects in Glucocorticoid Receptor

III. Epigenetic Control of "Lysis" Function

IV. Membrane Permeability and Dexamethasone Resistance

V. Unidentified Determinants of Glucocorticoid Sensitivity

VI. Role of Growth Factors in Glucocorticoid Sensitivity

VII. Conclusions

References


11. Estrogen and Antiestrogen Binding Sites: Relation to the Estrogen Receptor and Biological Response

I. Introduction

II. Type II Estrogen Binding Sites and an Endogenous Ligand

III. Antiestrogen Binding Sites and an Endogenous Ligand

References


12. The Mineralocorticoid Receptor

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Characteristics of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor

IV. Mineralocorticoid Antagonists

V. Target Tissue Evaluation by Receptor Analyses

VI. Relationship of Steroid—Receptor Interactions to the Physiohgical Role of Aldosterone

VII. New Concepts and Unresolved Issues

References


13. Purification and Properties of the Nerve Growth Factor Receptor

I. Introduction

II. NGF-Receptor Properties on Intact Cells

III. Purification of the NGF Receptor

IV. States of the NGF Receptor

V. Conclusions and Perspectives

References


14. The Thyrotropin Receptor

I. Introduction

II. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and the Thyrotropin Receptor

III. The Thyrotropin Receptor: A Functional Complex of More Than One Membrane Component

IV. TSH Receptor Structure

V. TSH Receptor Structure and TSH-Related Growth Activity

VI. TSH Receptor Regulation of the Adenylate Cyclase Signal

VII. Thyrotropin Receptor—Mediated Signal Processes Involving Phospholipid Modulation

VIII. TSH Receptor—Mediated Growth Related to Multiple Signal Coupling Mechanisms

IX. TSH Receptors on Nonthyroid Tissue

X. Summary

References

Index

Contents of Previous Volumes