Beef Cattle Feeding and Nutrition

Foreword Preface I Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle 1 Rumen Physiology and Energy Requirements I. Structure and Development of the Ruminant Stomach II. Digestion of Nutrients III. Quantitative Requirements of Beef Cattle IV. Energy References 2 Vitamin Requirements of Beef Cattle I. Fat-Soluble Vitamins II. Water-Soluble Vitamins References 3 Mineral Requirements of Beef Cattle I. Introduction II. Essential Mineral Elements III. Trace Mineral Elements IV. Role of Buffers in Beef Cattle Nutrition References 4 Protein Requirements of Beef Cattle I. Introduction II. Amino Acids III. The Role of Protein IV. Protein Digestion V. Nonprotein Nitrogen (NPN) VI. Effect of Protein Supplementation on the Performance of Finishing Cattle VII. Protected or Slowly Degraded Protein VIII. Protein Adjustment during Temperature Stress References 5 Computer Programming of Beef Cattle Diets I. Computer Diets II. Role of the Programming Machine 6 The Effect of Processing on the Nutritive Value of Feedstuffs for Beef Cattle I. Processing of Feed Grains II. Processing of Roughage References II Feedingstuffs 7 Pasture and Other Forages I. Nutritive Value of Pasture and Forages II. Types of Pastures and Forages III. Pasture Crops 8 Hay and Haylage Making I. Hay II. Haylage III. Influence of Hay Quality on Stocker Cattle Gain References 9 Silage and Crops for Silage I. Silage Making II. Harvesting of Silage III. Silage Diets IV. Value of Corn Silage Made from Plants at Various Stages of Maturity References 10 Concentrates for Beef Cattle I. The Cereal Grains II. Molasses III. Fat IV. Miscellaneous Energy Concentrates V. Protein Concentrates VI. Summary and Conclusion References III The Breeding Herd 11 Breeding Herd Nutrition and Management I. Nutritional Needs of Replacement Heifers II. Beef Cow Feeding Programs III. Crossbreeding and Cow Productivity IV. Effect of Diet on Estrus V. Free-Choice Liquid Supplements VI. Urea Feeding Effect on Cattle Reproduction References 12 Forages and Environment Effect on Brood Cows I. Quality of Pasture Effect on Cow and Calf Performance II. Feeding Crop Residues III. Grain Sorghum Stover for Beef Cows IV. Corn Residue Utilization by Beef Cattle V. Least-Cost Brood Cow Diets Using Crop Residues VI. Drylot versus Conventional Cow Herd Management Systems References 13 Milk Production and Calf Performance I. Choosing a Profitable Cow Size II. Creep Feeding Beef Calves III. Implanting Calves IV. Early Weaning of Beef Calves References IV Finishing Beef Cattle 14 Starting Cattle on Feed I. The Program II. Starting New Feeder Cattle on Corn Silage III. Feeding Regimens for New Feeder Cattle References 15 Feeding Stocker Cattle I. Feeding Programs for Stockers II. Controlled Growth of Stockers III. Winter Gain Effect on Summer Pasture Gain IV. Pasture Management Effect on Stocker Performance V. Grain Feeding Levels on Pasture VI. Stocker Response to Monensin Sodium on Pasture References 16 Cattle Finishing Systems I. Characteristics of Cattle Finishing Systems II. Self-Feeding Finishing Cattle III. Recipe Feeding of Finishing Cattle IV. Diets for Show Calves V. Fattening Bulls for Beef VI. Comparative Performance of Bulls, Steers, and Heifers for Beef VII. Feeding Holstein Steers VIII. Feeding Cull Cows for Slaughter IX. Estrus Control in Heifers: Spaying versus MGA References 17 Feedlot Disease I. Bulling or Riding in Steer Feedlots II. Acidosis in Feedlot Cattle III. Shipping Fever References 18 Economics of Cattle Feeding I. The Cattle Futures Market II. Custom Feedyards—What Are They and How Do They Work? III. Predicting Performance and Feed Requirements References 19 Environmental and Housing Effect on Feedlot Cattle Performance I. Housing Effects II. Environmental Effects References Appendix I Additives and Implants in Beef Cattle Feeding Appendix II How Much Can I Afford to Pay for Feeder Cattle?Appendix III Some Current Specifications for Beef Cattle Equipment Appendix IV Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Appendix V Typical Composition of Feedstuff for Cattle Index