Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers
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Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers addresses the specific challenges faced by clinicians without a conventional science background. The aim of the book is to introduce the reader to core experimental methods commonly used to answer questions in basic science research and to outline their relative strengths and limitations in generating conclusive data. This book will be a vital companion for clinicians undertaking laboratory-based science. It will support clinicians in the pursuit of their academic interests and in making an original contribution to their chosen field. In doing so, it will facilitate the development of tomorrow’s clinician scientists and future leaders in discovery science.
Key Features
- Serves as a helpful guide for clinical researchers who lack a conventional science background
- Organized around research themes pertaining to key biological molecules, from genes, to proteins, cells, and model organisms
- Features protocols, techniques for troubleshooting common problems, and an explanation of the advantages and limitations of a technique in generating conclusive data
- Appendices provide resources for practical research methodology, including legal frameworks for using stem cells and animals in the laboratory, ethical considerations, and good laboratory practice (GLP)
Readership
Biomedical researchers; residents and medical students; clinical researchers and students in various medical areas as well as pharmaceutical science and bioengineering
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Polymerase Chain Reaction: PCR, qPCR, and RT-PCR
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- Analysis of the PCR Product
- Phases of PCR
- Variations of PCR Method: Quantitative PCR
- Variations of PCR Method: Reverse Transcription PCR
- In Practice
- Extraction of Total RNA
- Synthesis of cDNA by Reverse Transcription
- Real-Time PCR Amplification
- Data Analysis: Generating a Standard Curve
- Relative Quantification (Pfaffl Method)
- Applications of PCR
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 2. Methods of Cloning
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Glossary
Chapter 3. Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization and a Genotyping Method on Single Xenopus Embryos
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice—Xenopus Whole-Mount In Situ Protocol—Baskets
- Applications
- Key Limitations
- Conclusion
- References
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 4. Microarrays: An Introduction and Guide to Their Use
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 5. Analysis of Human Genetic Variations Using DNA Sequencing
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Common Trouble Shooting for Sanger Sequencing and NGS
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 6. Western Blot
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
Chapter 7. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: The Application of ELISA in Clinical Research
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- References
- Suggested further reading
- Glossary
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 8. Immunofluorescence
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- Direct Immunofluorescence
- Indirect Immunofluorescence
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusions
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
- LIST OF ACRONYMS AND Abbreviations
Chapter 9. Cell Culture: Growing Cells as Model Systems In Vitro
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- References
- Glossary
- List of acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 10. Flow Cytometry
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- Fluidics System: Cell Transport to the Laser Beam
- Optics System: Lasers and Lenses
- Electronics System: Converting the Light Signals into Numerical Data
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Limitations of Flow Cytometry
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusions
- References
- Suggested Further reading
- Glossary
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 11. Transfection
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- Chemical Methods
- Physical Methods
- Biological Methods
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario
- Key Limitations
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Glossary
Chapter 12. In Vivo Animal Modeling: Drosophila
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Applications
- Scenario—Human Disease Gene Studies
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- SUGGESTED FURTHER READING
- Glossary
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 13. Zebrafish as a Research Organism: Danio rerio in Biomedical Research
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Use as a Research Organism
- In Principle
- Reproduction
- Development
- Functional Anatomy
- In Practice
- Fish Husbandry
- Procedures On Fish
- Humane Killing
- Genetic Manipulation
- Transgenic Construction
- Gene Activation
- CRISPR-Based Genome Editing
- Physical Manipulation
- Genetic Screens
- Applications
- Scenario—The Innate Immune Response to Cancer Resection
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
Chapter 14. Xenopus as a Model Organism for Biomedical Research
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Use as a Research Organism
- In Principle
- In Practice
- Fertilization and Embryo Manipulation
- Applications
- Key Limitations
- Troubleshooting
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 15. Basic Mouse Methods for Clinician Researchers: Harnessing the Mouse for Biomedical Research
- Abstract
- Introduction
- In Principle
- In Practice: Basic Mouse Methods
- In Practice: Advanced in vivo Modeling in the Mouse
- Applications of Mouse Models
- Conclusions
- References
- Suggested Further Reading
- Glossary
Appendix A. Legal Framework on the Scientific Use of Animals in Research
- An Introduction to Animal Research
- Regulation
- Ethical Considerations
- Alternatives to Animal Models
- Conclusion
- References
Appendix B. Regulatory Frameworks for Stem Cell Research
- Introduction
- Who Makes the Rules?
- Advances and Corresponding Legislation
- United Kingdom
- Resources for Researchers
- Conclusion
- References
Appendix C. Using Multiple Experimental Methods to Address Basic Science Research Questions
- Introduction
- Why Is Determining Protein Function Important?
- Analyzing Protein X’s Function
- Investigating the Subcellular Localization of Protein X
- Genome-Wide Microarray
Product details
- No. of pages: 382
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2017
- Published: March 31, 2017
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128030776
- eBook ISBN: 9780128030783
About the Editors
Morteza Jalali
Morteza Jalali is a British doctor-preneur who is fascinated by transformational healthcare innovation through synergies between clinicians, patients, industry and scientists. Born in Manchester, United Kingdom, at the age of 18 he commenced a medical degree at Manchester Medical School and undertook dedicated research training at The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester, following the award of a Royal College of Surgeons student research scholarship. After the completion of his Bachelor’s, Master’s and medical degrees, Morteza decided to undertake a Doctor of Philosophy degree in stem cell biology at the Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and was awarded a Cambridge Cancer Centre clinical research training fellowship to study at Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge. Morteza is committing to a career as a surgeon scientist by undertaking a period of postdoctoral research in the United States. He is currently a surgeon in training (plastic surgery theme) and honorary research fellow at the University of Oxford where he enjoys fulfilling a variety of clinical teaching commitments, having been a former faculty member at the University of Bristol. Morteza enjoys rowing, amateur boxing, graphic design, and spending time with family and friends in the United Kingdom and abroad.
Affiliations and Expertise
Clinical Research Fellow, University of Cambridge; Core Surgical Trainee, Oxford University Hospitals; Honorary Research Fellow, University of Oxford, UK
Francesca Saldanha
Clinical Research Fellow (M.Phil.), Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Affiliations and Expertise
Clinical Research Fellow, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Mehdi Jalali
Academic Foundation Doctor, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Affiliations and Expertise
Academic Foundation Doctor, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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