Bacterial Endotoxins
A Comprehensive Treatise
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Microbial Toxins, Volume V: Bacterial Endotoxins covers the physiology, pathology, and immunology of bacterial endotoxins. The book discusses the relationship of lipopolysaccharide structure to bacterial virulence; the importance of blood-group and Forssman antigenic determinants in interactions between human and microbes; and the chemical modification of endotoxin and inactivation of its biological properties. The text also describes the effects of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides on the complement system; the host-dependent detoxification of bacterial endotoxin; and the metabolic effects of bacterial endotoxins. The release of vasoactive agents and the vascular effects of endotoxin are also considered. The book further tackles the febrile response to endotoxin; some major aspects and the relationship between shock and endotoxemia; as well as the effects of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) on the susceptibility to infections. The text also encompasses the role of hypersensitivity and tolerance in reactions to endotoxins. Pathologists, immunologists, physiologists, and microbiologists will find the book invaluable.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Contents of Other Volumes
1. The Relationship of Lipopolysaccharide Structure to Bacterial Virulence
I. Introduction
II. Genetic Relationships of Escherichia, Salmonella, and Shigella
III. Comparison of Cell Walls
IV. Pathogenicity as Related to O-Antigenic Makeup
V. Conclusion
References
2. The Importance of Blood-Group and Forssman Antigenic Determinants in Interactions between Man and Microbes
I. Introduction
II. Discovery and Serological Properties of Heterophile Antigens
III. Heterophile Antigens of Bacteria
IV. Blood-Group ABH(O) Active Substances and Forssman Antigen in Viruses
V. Biological Implications of Sharing of Blood-Group- and Forssman-Specific Determinants among Microbes and Mammalian Cells
VI. Chemistry of the Forssman and Blood-Group Cross-Reacting Antigens and Their Immunodeterminant Structures
VII. Blood-Group and Forssman-Active Antigens in Transplantation
VIII. Concluding Remarks
References
3. Chemical Modification of Endotoxin and Inactivation of Its Biological Properties
I. Introduction
II. Types of Endotoxin and Their Bioassay
III. Methods of Chemically Modifying Endotoxins
IV. Summary
V. Concluding Remarks
References
4. Effects of Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides on the Complement System
I. Introduction
II. Structure of LPS
III. Induction of Characteristic Complement-Mediated Lesions on LPS
IV. Complement Consumption by LPS during Lesion Formation — Preferential Reactivity with the Terminal Complement Components
V. Terminal Complement Components and the Biological Reactivities of Complement
VI. Generation of Biologically Active Factors by Interactions of the Complement System with LPS
VII. Correlation of Endotoxicity of LPS with Its Complement-Consuming Capacity
VIII. Pathways to Fixation of the Terminal Complement Components
IX. Developmental Considerations
X. Clinical Considerations
XI. Endotoxin-Complement Interactions in Experimental Animals in Vivo
XII. Summary
References
5. Host-Dependent Detoxification of Bacterial Endotoxin
I. Introduction
II. In Vivo Distribution of Parenterally Administered Endotoxin
III. Effect of Serum or Plasma on Endotoxin
IV. Mechanism of Tolerance to Endotoxin
V. Tissue Factors
VI. Role of Endocrine Factors
VII. Summary
References
6. Metabolic Effects of Bacterial Endotoxins
I. Introduction
II. Effect of Endotoxin on Carbohydrate Metabolism
III. Effect of Endotoxin on Enzyme Induction
IV. Metabolic Implications of Endotoxin Pyrogenicity
V. Infection versus Endotoxin
VI. Metabolic Aspects of Tolerance
VII. Changes Induced by Endotoxin
VIII. Metabolic Studies in Mice Sensitized to Endotoxin
IX. Metabolic Implications of Agents Capable of Protecting against Endotoxin
X. Conclusions
References
7. Release of Vasoactive Agents and the Vascular Effects of Endotoxin
I. Introduction
II. Essential Factors Involved in the Initial Vascular Response to Endotoxin
III. Early Vascular Response to Endotoxin in the Dog
IV. Development of Irreversible Endotoxin Shock in the Dog
V. Role of Vasoactive Agents in Response to Endotoxin
VI. Cardiovascular Factors to Be Considered in the Response to Endotoxin
VII. Responses of the Primate in Endotoxin Shock; Significance of Species Differences
VIII. Studies with Live E. coli Organisms
IX. Effects of Endotoxin on Capillary Permeability
X. Special Metabolic and Circulatory Problems in Endotoxin Shock
XI. Role of the Nervous System in Endotoxin Shock
XII. Conclusions and Summary
References
Addendum - The Effects of Endotoxins in the Microcirculation
Text
References
8. Endotoxin and the Pathogenesis of Fever
I. Introduction
II. Physiology
III. Pharmacology
IV. Mode of Action of Endotoxin - Endogenous Pyrogens (EP)
V. Hypersensitivity Fever
VI. Fever Tolerance
VII. Summary
References
9. Experimental Hemorrhagic and Endotoxic Shock
I. Introduction
II. Hemorrhagic Shock
III. Bacterial Endotoxins
IV. Hemorrhagic Shock and Endotoxemia in the Subhuman Primate
V. Acquired Resistance to Shock
VI. Conclusion
References
10. Effects of Lipopolysaccharides (Endotoxins) on Susceptibility to Infections
I. Introduction
II. Effects on Serum Factors
III. Effects on the Reticuloendothelial System
IV. Effects on Granulocytes
V. Effects on Blood Circulation and Coagulation
VI. Effects on Metabolism and Temperature Regulation
VII. Conclusion
References
11. Role of Hypersensitivity and Tolerance in Reactions to Endotoxins
I. Introduction
II. Role of Hypersensitivity in Reactions to Endotoxins
III. Nature and Role of Tolerance to Endotoxins
IV. Summary
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 526
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1971
- Published: January 28, 1971
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9781483215891