Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices

5th Edition - November 24, 2017
Authors: Joseph B. Webster, Douglas P. Murphy
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 4 8 3 2 3 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 5 5 4 2 6 - 8

Advances in the material sciences, 3D printing technology, functional electrical stimulation, smart devices and apps, FES technology, sensors and microprocessor technologies, an… Read more

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Advances in the material sciences, 3D printing technology, functional electrical stimulation, smart devices and apps, FES technology, sensors and microprocessor technologies, and more have lately transformed the field of orthotics, making the prescription of these devices more complex than ever before. Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices, 5th Edition, brings you completely up to date with these changes, helping physiatrists, orthopaedic surgeons, prosthetists, orthotists, and other rehabilitation specialists work together to select the appropriate orthotic device for optimal results in every patient.

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Section 1 Basics
Introduction
1 Orthotic Prescription
Terminology
Evaluation of the Patient
Orthotic Prescription
Case Scenario and Orthotic Prescription Recommendation
Conclusion
References
2 Materials Science
Abstract
Understanding Material Science to Maximize Patient Safety
Imperial and Metric Conversions
Strength and Stress
Moment of Inertia
Metals
Steel and Aluminum Alloys
Strengthening Aluminum and Steel
Preventing Failure and Maximizing Patient Safety
Fastening Components
Plastics and Composites
Thermosetting Plastics
Thermoforming Plastics
Conclusion
3 Principles of Fabrication
Abstract
Data Collection: Measurements, Impressions, and Scans
Thermoplastic Materials
Thermoset Lamination Techniques
Computer-Aided Design
Computer-Aided Manufacturing: Model Carving and Additive Manufacturing
Conclusion
References
4 Principles of Normal and Pathologic Gait
Abstract
Normal Human Gait
Pathologic Gait
References
Section 2 Spinal Orthoses
Introduction
5 Biomechanics of the Spine
Spinal Orthoses
Spinal Stability Under Stress
Spinal Instability
Biomechanics of Surgical Decompression and Stabilization
References
6 Principles and Components of Spinal Orthoses
Abstract
Semirigid Spinal Orthoses (Corsets)
Rigid Spinal Orthoses
Cervical Orthoses
Orthoses for Spinal Deformity
Conclusion
References
7 Orthoses for Spinal Pain
Orthoses in Low Back Pain
Cervical Orthoses
Conclusion
References
8 Orthoses for Spinal Deformities
Abstract
Scoliosis
References
9 Orthoses for Spinal Trauma and Postoperative Care
Abstract
Historical Perspective
Cervical Spinal Trauma
Thoracolumbar Spinal Trauma
Postoperative Care
Current Issues and Research
References
10 Orthoses for Osteoporosis
Abstract
Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis
Overview of Vertebral Compression Fractures
Orthoses for Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures
Orthotic Management of Osteoporosis
Best Practices
Supporting Evidence
References
Section 3 Upper Limb Orthoses
Introduction
11 Biomechanics of the Upper Limb
Abstract
Motion
Stability
Strength
Conclusion
References
12 Principles and Components of Upper Limb Orthoses
Abstract
Clinical Principles of Upper Limb Orthotic Management
Design Principles for Upper Limb Orthoses
Team-Based Approach to Orthotic Management
Clinical Use and Training
Summary
References
13 Upper Limb Orthoses for the Stroke- and Brain-Injured Patient
Abstract
General Principles
Treatment Options for Temporary Control of Spasticity
Causes of Limited Joint Motion
General Classification of Orthoses
Uses of Orthotic Devices
References
14 Upper Limb Orthoses for Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries and Brachial Plexus Injuries
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury
Brachial Plexus Injuries
Conclusion
References
15 Orthoses for the Burned Hand
Abstract
Pathophysiology
Initial Assessment
Treatment and Recommendations
Orthotic Management
Best Practices in the Treatment of Specific Complications of Burned Hands
Conclusion
References
16 Orthotic Treatment Considerations for Arthritis and Overuse Syndromes in the Upper Limb
Abstract
Section I Orthotic Treatment Considerations for Arthritis in the Upper Limb
Conclusion
Section II Orthotic Treatment Considerations for Overuse Syndromes in the Upper Limb
References
17 Functional Bracing of Selected Upper Limb Fractures
Functional Bracing of Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures
Functional Bracing of Diaphyseal Ulnar Fractures
Functional Casting and Bracing of Distal Radius Fractures
Conclusion
References
Section 4 Lower Limb Orthoses
Introduction
18 Biomechanics of the Hip, Knee, and Ankle
Basic Biomechanical Principles
Application of Biomechanical Principles to Normal and Pathologic Gait
Application of Biomechanical Principles to Orthoses
Relevance of Biomechanical Principles to Total Patient Management
References
19 Foot Biomechanics
Anatomy
Motion
Open and Closed Chain Motion
Foot Stability
Gait
Surgical Considerations in the Correction of Foot Deformities
Musculotendinous Considerations
Bony Procedures
References
20 Shoes and Shoe Modifications
Abstract
Essence of Footwear
Anatomy of the Foot
Anatomy of the Shoe
Purpose of Footwear
Importance of Proper Fit
Choosing the Right Footwear
Various Shoe Types and Going Shoeless
Shoe Construction
Functional Orthotics and Accommodative Orthotics
Orthotics and Technology
Technology Ideas and Advances
Conclusion
References
21 Foot Orthoses
Evaluation
Impression-Taking Techniques
Design
Materials
Components of the Foot Orthosis
Conclusion
References
22 Lower Limb Orthoses
Foot Orthoses
Ankle–Foot Orthoses
Knee Orthoses
Knee–Ankle–Foot Orthoses
Hip Orthoses
Hip–Knee–Ankle–Foot Orthoses
Pediatric Orthoses
Specialty Lower Extremity Orthoses
References
23 Lower Limb Orthoses for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Introduction
Evaluation
Clinical Examination
Walking Recovery
Orthoses and the Compensation-Based Approach
References
24 Orthoses in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Abstract
Orthoses After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Orthoses After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Summary
References
25 Knee Orthoses for Sports-Related Issues
Abstract
Knee Joint Biomechanics
Orthosis Design
Clinical Relevance
Historical Perspective
Ligamentous Injuries
Osteoarthritis
Patellofemoral Pain
References
26 Orthotic Management of Neuropathic and Dysvascular Feet
Abstract
Peripheral Neuropathy
Examination
Documentation
Prevention and Patient Education
Orthotic Treatment Interventions
Peripheral Vascular Disease
References
27 Orthotic Management of Polio and Postpolio Syndrome
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Historical Perspective
Current Issues
Current Research
Treatment Recommendations
Orthotic Management
Best Practices
References
28 Lower Limb Orthoses for Persons Who Have Had a Stroke
Abstract
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Key Issues
Orthotic Treatment Recommendations
Orthotic Management
Current Research
Conclusion
References
29 Assessment and Orthotic Management of Gait Dysfunction in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury
Normal Locomotion
Lower Limb Orthoses
Summary
References
Section 5 Pediatric Orthoses
Introduction
30 Congenital and Acquired Disorders
Physiologic Development and Alignment (Genu Varum and Valgum)
Congenital Foot Deformities
References
31 Pediatric Hip Orthoses
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Legg-CalvÉ-Perthes Disease
Cerebral Palsy
Lower-Extremity Weakness or Paralysis
Postoperative Hip Orthoses
Acknowledgments
References
32 Orthoses for the Muscle Disease Patient
Abstract
Introduction
Orthotic Treatment Interventions
References
33 Orthoses for Cerebral Palsy
Pathophysiology
Historical Perspective
Current Research
Treatment Recommendations
Orthotic Management
Ankle–Foot Orthosis–Footwear Combination Tuning
Functional Electrical Stimulation
Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Manufacturing, and 3D-Printing Applications for Orthotics and Prosthetics
Best Practice
References
34 Orthoses for Myelomeningocele
Abstract
Thoracic/High Lumbar Levels
Midlumbar to Low Lumbar Level
High Sacral Level
Low Sacral Level
Conclusion
References
35 Cranial Remolding Orthoses
Pathophysiology
Historical Perspective
Current Issues
Current Research
Treatment Recommendations
Orthotic Management
Craniosynostosis: Orthotic Management
Treatment Outcomes
Best Practices
Conclusion
References
Section 6 Assistive Devices
Introduction
36 Canes, Crutches, and Walkers
Abstract
Canes
Crutches
Walkers
Measuring Assistive Devices
Gait Patterns
Biomechanics of Assistive Devices
Energy Expenditure
Benefits of Assistive Devices
Complications of Assistive Devices
Conclusion
References
37 Wheeled Mobility
Seating Evaluation
Postural Evaluation: Fixed or Flexible?
Accommodation Versus Correction of Deformity
Types of Seating Systems
Cushion Selection
Pressure Mapping
References
38 Wheeled Mobility
Background
Wheeled Mobility Clinic Team
Manual Wheeled Mobility
Powered Wheeled Mobility
Transportation
Wheelchair Skills Training
References
39 Wheelchair and Assistive Device Considerations for Remote Settings
Abstract
Benefits of Wheelchairs and Assistive Devices
Provision
Demand and Needs
Barriers
Removing Barriers and Increasing Access
Conclusion
References
40 Communication Devices and Electronic Aids to Activities of Daily Living
Abstract
Evaluation
Interdisciplinary Team
Funding
Access
Scanning
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Electronic Aids to Daily Living
Integration of Equipment
Training
Reevaluation
Future of Technology
Acknowledgments
References
41 Sports Adaptations and Assistive Devices for Recreation
Historical Perspective
General Exercise Considerations
Activity and Sport Specific Considerations
All-Terrain Vehicles
Archery
Basketball and Rugby
Billiards
Bowling
Cycling
Equestrian Sports
Fencing
Fishing
Golf
Hunting and Shooting
Sled Hockey
Paddling Sports
Power Soccer
Sailing
Scuba Diving
Snow Skiing
Softball
Swimming
Table Tennis
Tai Chi
Tennis
Track and Field
Conclusion
References
42 Driving and Related Assistive Devices
Abstract
Driver Evaluation
Driver Training
Fitting and Orientation
Vehicle Selection
Predrive
Upper Torso Support
Driving Controls
Special Precautions
Conclusion
Resources
References
43 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Applications
Abstract
Upper Limb Applications
Lower Limb Applications
Conclusion
References
44 Exoskeletal Assisted Rehabilitation After Spinal Cord Injury
Abstract
Classification of Spinal Cord Injury
Effects of Lack of Weight-Bearing on a Person With Spinal Cord Injury
Exoskeleton Training Protocols
Conclusion
References
45 Future Trends and Research in Orthoses
Stance Control Devices
Powered Devices
Functional Electrical Stimulation Systems
Emerging Technologies
References
Index

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Joseph B. Webster

Douglas P. Murphy