Antidotes to Toxins and Drugs

From Natural Sources to Drug Discovery in Toxicology

1st Edition - November 24, 2023
Editors: Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Chukwuebuka Egbuna
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 4 7 2 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 9 9 6 - 7

Antidotes to Toxins and Drugs: From Natural Sources to Drug Discovery in Toxicology presents recent advances in the discovery of natural antidotes to toxins, drug intoxi… Read more

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Antidotes to Toxins and Drugs: From Natural Sources to Drug Discovery in Toxicology presents recent advances in the discovery of natural antidotes to toxins, drug intoxications and overdoses in pharmacology, drug discovery and toxicology. The text provides detailed information about toxins and their natural antidotes, along with the identification and screening of antidotes for drug intoxications and overdoses. Written by a global team of experts, it describes the potential uses of natural products in toxicology and their applications in medicine and in the pharmaceutical sciences. This book will be a key resource for drug developers, medicinal chemists and toxicologists, among others.Sections shine a particular focus on mechanisms of action, various principles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics terms, and possible sources and synthesis techniques for these phytochemicals.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Chapter 1. Antidotes to drug intoxications or drug overdoses
Abstract
Introduction
Analgesia
Anesthetics
Psychotropic drugs
Antipsychotics
Clonidine
Antiepileptics
Cardiovascular medications
Anticoagulants
Insulin
Methotrexate
Antihistamines
Alcohol
Illicit substances
Future projections
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. Antidotes to insect toxins, bee venom; wasp and hornet venoms
Abstract
List of abbreviations
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Antidotes to reptile toxins chemical composition of snake venoms; toxic effects of snake venom
Abstract
Introduction
Chemical composition of snake venoms
Toxic effects of snake venom
Ethnomedicinal uses of plants as an antidote against snake venom
Antidotes from natural sources against snake venom
Future projections
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Antidotes to mycotoxins and mushroom toxins
Abstract
Introduction
Most toxic mycotoxins
Why pinpoint accumulation of mycotoxin is dangerous?
Preexposure control
What are toxins and antidotes
Special mycotoxicosis
Antidotes for ergotism
Mushroom mycotoxins
Genetic modification to prevent mycotoxicosis
Degradation of mycotoxins by enzymes – can antidotes be developed?
Role of nanotechnology in the development of mycotoxin antidotes
Treatment of mycotoxin with cold plasma
Conclusion
Future perspectives
References
Chapter 5. Antidotes to nonreptile animal toxins
Abstract
Antidotes to poisonous frogs and toads
Toxins from frogs and toads and their toxic effects
Steroids: bufogenines and bufotoxins
Alkaloids
Other toxins
Antidotes to frog/toad poisoning
Propranolol hydrochloride
Activated charcoal
Digoxin-specific Fab fragments (Digibind)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Antidotes to toxic substances from the marine world
Abstract
Introduction
Toxicity and toxin composition
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Antidotes to aflatoxicosis in humans
Abstract
Introduction
Biological disturbance from AFs
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Drug-induced liver injury: toxins and antidotes
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology and importance of DILI
Mechanism/pathogenesis and types of DILI
Diagnosis of DILI
Causality assessment
New biomarkers
Risk factors for drug-induced liver injury
Types of agents associated with DILI with general or specific management
Analgesics
Diclofenac
References
Further reading
Chapter 9. Natural toxins and drug discovery opportunities
Abstract
List of abbreviations
Introduction
Historical perspective: natural toxins as drugs
Natural toxins with potential for drug development
Natural toxins as candidate drugs under clinical trial
Challenges
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Antidotes to toxins and drugs in the European Union: public health, policy, and regulatory framework
Abstract
Introduction
Relevant terms and definitions
Antidotes across times and contexts
Regulatory authorities and professional bodies
EU health policy for antidotes to drugs and toxins
References
Chapter 11. Benefits and safety of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms through which probiotics positively impact health
Helicobacter pylori infection
Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Crohn’s disease
QOL: quality of life, pro—probiotics, pl—placebo
Ulcerative colitis
Pouchitis
Safety of probiotics
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 12. Clozapine—serious adverse effects and clinical management
Abstract
Introduction
Chemical and pharmacological proprieties of clozapine
Indications of clozapine and patient treatment eligibility
Initiation, monitoring, and discontinuation of clozapine treatment
Adverse effects and management
Conclusions and future projections
References
Chapter 13. Iatrogenic opioid and hypnotics withdrawal syndromes in adults in intensive care
Abstract
Neurobiology of addiction and withdrawal
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects in critically-ill patients with importance for IWS
Epidemiology and issues regarding iatrogenic withdrawal syndromes in adult ICU patients
Risk factors for developing IWS in adult critically-ill patients
IWS diagnosis
Preventive strategies and treatment of opioid and hypnotic IWS
Treatment of IWS
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Laboratory evaluation of intoxications: toxins and drugs
Abstract
Introduction
Laboratory testing in drug intoxications
Common analytical methods used in clinical laboratories for drug intoxications
Chromatography
Other toxic compound identification methods
Laboratory evaluation of common drug intoxications
Methods used in bacterial toxin intoxications
Laboratory testing for common toxin detection
Other toxins
Future projections
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Antidodes in esthetic medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Dermal fillers—a short history, classification
Antidotes to BT injections—indirect antagonists of BT
Conclusions
References
Index

Mihnea-Alexandru Găman

Mihnea-Alexandru Găman received his MD at the Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Dr. Găman is currently specializing in clinical hematology at the Department of Hematology, Centre of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania. He has published more than 100 papers in international impact factor journals, as well as served as editor and author for international and national books/book chapters. In addition, Dr. Găman also serves as Scientific Editor, Associate Editor, Editorial Board Member and Peer-Reviewer for several international and national journals. His main fields of interest include hematology, molecular biology, oncology, internal medicine, medical education, fundamental sciences, and translational/interdisciplinary medicine.

Affiliations and expertise

Specialist, Clinical Haemotology, Department of Haemotology, Centre of Haemotology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania

Chukwuebuka Egbuna

Chukwuebuka Egbuna (PhD) is a chartered chemist and academic researcher. He is a member of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria (ICCON), the Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NSBMB), and the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) (United Kingdom). Dr. Egbuna is the founder and editor of the Elsevier book series on Drug Discovery Update. The series includes books, monographs, and edited collections from all areas of drug discovery including emerging therapeutic claims for the treatment of diseases. He has published research articles in many international journals of repute and is ranked among the top 500 Nigerian scientists in SciVal/SCOPUS. He has edited more than 25 books with Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Taylor & Francis. His most recent book is the three volume Coronavirus Drug Discovery, published by Elsevier. Dr. Egbuna is the founder and the publishing director of IPS Intelligentsia Publishing Services.

Affiliations and expertise

Chartered Chemist and Academic Researcher, Nigeria