Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products

Volume II

1st Edition - January 28, 1979
Editor: Clarence Karr
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 3 1 6 - 7

Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products, Volume II, aims to provide a detailed presentation of what constitutes the first comprehensive reference work devoted exclusively to… Read more

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Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products, Volume II, aims to provide a detailed presentation of what constitutes the first comprehensive reference work devoted exclusively to the subject of analytical methodology for coal and coal products. The various chapters have been arranged according to either a specific coal process or a specific coal use problem. The topics discussed include the structure of coal and coal products, minerals in coal, coal carbonization products, and coal combustion products. The general philosophy of this work is to strike a balance between sophisticated analyses based on expensive instrumentation such as mass or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers, and the more common, less expensive equipment typically employed in the standard methods. Likewise there is an attempt to strike a balance between the expertise available from within the United States and that found in other countries, offering a broader viewpoint. Altogether, a large number of cross references have been entered in these chapters to enable the reader to make maximum use of pertinent information in all of the chapters.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume I

Part V Structure of Coal and Coal Products

Chapter 20 Analysis of the Organic Substance of Coals: Problems Posed by the Presence of Mineral Matter

I. Introduction

II. Reactivity of Coal Mineral Matter

III. Definitions of Ultimate Analyses

IV. Information Required for a dmmf Analysis

V. Optimum and Approximate Procedures for Computing dmmf Analyses

VI. The Problem of Organic Oxygen

VII. Participation by Mineral Matter in Reactions of the Organic Substance of Coals

References

Chapter 21 Analysis of Organic Compounds Trapped in Coal, and Coal Oxidation Products

I. Introduction

II. Analytical Methods

III. Analysis of Trapped Organic Compounds in Coals and Pyrolysis Products

IV. Analysis of Oxidation Products

V. Determination of Aromaticity of Coal by Fluorination

References

Chapter 22 Assessment of Structures in Coal by Spectroscopic Techniques

I. Introduction

II. Spectroscopic Techniques

III. Assessment of Coal Structure

References

Chapter 23 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

I. Introduction

II. Theory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

III. Experimental Methods

IV. Interpretation of Spectra

V. Selected Applications of NMR to Coal and Coal Products

VI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 24 High Resolution 1H-, 2H-, and 13C-NMR in Coal Research

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Methods

III. The Determination of Carbon Aromaticity

IV. Estimation of Mean Structural Units

V. 13C-NMR—Improvements in Resolution, 1968-1977

VI. Applications

VII. Summary and Prognosis

References

Chapter 25 Separation and Spectroscopy of Paraffinic Hydrocarbons from Coal

I. Introduction

II. Extraction and Separation of Paraffinic Hydrocarbons from Coal and Coal Products

III. Subfractionation of Coal Paraffins

IV. Characterization of Alkanes by Gas Chromatography

V. Spectroscopic Examination of Coal Paraffins

VI. The Distribution of Paraffins in Coal and Coal Products

VII. Conclusion

References

Part VI Minerals in Coal

Chapter 26 Analysis of Mineral Matter in Coal

I. Introduction

II. Separation of Minerals from Coal

III. Analytical Procedures

References

Chapter 27 Separation and Identification of Minerals from Lignites

I. Background and Present Status of Information

II. Mineral Separation

III. Mineral Identification

IV. Suggested Procedures

References

Chapter 28 Procedures for Analysis of Respirable Dust as Related to Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis

I. Introduction

II. Measurement of Respirable Coal Dust Weight

III. Free Silica

IV. Trace Elements

V. Organic Components

VI. Other Methods

VII. Summary

References

Part VII Coal Carbonization Products: Coke, Pitch

Chapter 29 Analysis of Metallurgical Cokes

I. Introduction

II. Sampling and Sample Preparation

III. Chemical Analysis

IV. Physical Tests

V. Mechanical Properties

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 30 The Formation and Properties of Anisotropic Cokes from Coals and Coal Derivatives Studied by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy

I. Introduction

II. The Formation and Properties of Anisotropic Cokes

References

Chapter 31 Optical Properties of Carbonized Vitrinites

I. Introduction

II. The Carbonization Process

III. Equipment and Methods

IV. The Response of the Optical Properties of Vitrinites to Carbonization

V. Discussion

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 32 Reactivity of Heat-Treated Coals

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Measurement of Reactivity

III. Selected Experimental Results

References

Chapter 33 Analysis of Coal Tar Pitches

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Pitch Production

III. Types of Pitches

IV. Fields of Application of Coal Tar Pitches

V. Solvent Analysis of Pitches

VI. Analysis and Testing of Coal Tar Pitches

References

Chapter 34 Analysis of Coal Tar Binders for Electrodes

I. Carbon Electrode Manufacture

II. Production of Coal Tar Pitch

III. Pitch Binder Properties

IV. Flow Properties of Carbon Paste

V. Evaluation of Test Electrodes

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

Part VIII Coal Combustion Products

Chapter 35 Sampling and Analysis of Emissions from Fluidized-Bed Combustion Processes—Part 1

I. Introduction

II. Generic Fluidized-Bed Combustion Processes

III. A Phased Approach to Sampling and Analysis

IV. Selection of FBC Process Streams for Sampling and Analysis

V. Areas of Analytical Interest

References

Chapter 36 Sampling and Analysis of Emissions from Fluidized-Bed Combustion Processes—Part 2

I. Introduction

II. Sampling Program

III. Analytical Program

References

Chapter 37 Thermal Analysis of Coal and Coal Ashes

I. Introduction

II. Basic Principles of Thermal Analysis Methods: DTA, TG, and DTG

III. Preparing the Specimens for Analysis

IV. Thermoanalytical Methodology for Coals

V. Thermal Analysis of Coal Ashes

References

Index