Analytical Geochemistry

PrefaceChapter 1. Introduction to Geochemistry Introduction Chemical classification of igneous and metamorphic rocks Hydrothermal processes Geothermometry Chemical solubility products Fluidization Organic geochemistryChapter 2. Qualitative Analysis Introduction Microchemical tests Membrane colorimetry Antimony Arsenic Bismuth Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gold Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Silver Sulphur Tin Titanium Tungsten Vanadium ZincChapter 3. Quantitative Chemical Analysis Introduction Preparation of solutions Determination of silica Determination of alumina from solution A Preparation of solution B Determination of alumina from solution B Determination of titanium dioxide in solution B Determination of total iron as Fe203 from solution B Determination of manganese in solution B Determination of phosphorus pentoxide in solution B Determination of calcium oxide in solution B Determination of magnesia Determination of sodium and potassium oxides in solution B Determination of ferrous oxide in silicate rocks Determination of carbon dioxide and water in silicate rocks The analysis of carbonate rocks Silica Alumina Titanium oxide Total iron Manganese oxide Phosphorus pentoxide Sodium oxide and potassium oxide Calcium oxide Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide The analysis of phosphate rocksChapter 4. The Chemical Analysis of the Minor Elements Introduction Antimony Occurrence Detection Estimation Arsenic Occurrence Detection Estimation Barium Occurrence Detection Estimation Beryllium Occurrence Detection Estimation Bismuth Occurrence Detection Estimation Boron Occurrence Detection Estimation Bromine Occurrence Detection Estimation Cadmium Occurrence Detection Estimation Carbon Occurrence Detection Estimation Cerium and rare-earth elements Occurrence Detection Estimation Chlorine Occurrence Detection Estimation Chromium Occurrence Detection Estimation Cobalt Occurrence Detection Estimation Columbium and tantalum Occurrence Detection Estimation Copper Occurrence Detection Estimation Fluorine Occurrence Detection Estimation Gallium Occurrence Detection Estimation Germanium Occurrence Detection Estimation Gold Occurrence Detection Estimation Hydrogen Occurrence Detection Estimation Indium Occurrence Detection Estimation Iodine Occurrence Detection Estimation Iridium Occurrence Detection Estimation Lead Occurrence Detection Estimation Lithium Occurrence Detection Estimation Manganese Occurrence Detection Estimation Mercury Occurrence Detection Estimation Molybdenum Occurrence Detection Estimation Nickel Occurrence Detection Estimation Nitrogen Occurrence Detection Estimation Osmium Occurrence Detection Estimation Oxygen Detection Estimation Palladium Occurrence Detection Estimation Platinum Occurrence Detection Estimation Rhenium Occurrence Detection Estimation Rhodium Occurrence Detection Estimation Rubidium and caesium Occurrence Detection Estimation Ruthenium Occurrence Detection Estimation Scandium Occurrence Detection Estimation Selenium and tellurium Occurrence Detection Estimation Silver Occurrence Detection Estimation Stronium Occurrence Detection Estimation Sulphur Occurrence Detection Estimation Thallium Occurrence Detection Estimation Thorium Occurrence Detection Estimation Tin Occurrence Detection Estimation Titanium Occurrence Detection Estimation Tungsten Occurrence Detection Estimation Uranium Occurrence Detection Estimation Vanadium Occurrence Detection Estimation Zinc Occurrence Detection Estimation Zirconium and hafnium Occurrence Detection EstimationChapter 5. Emission Spectrography Introduction The origin of spectral lines Spectrographic equipment The source unit Flame sources Direct current arc sources Spark sources Porous cup technique Rotating disc technique Vacuum cup technique The spectrograph Preparation of samples and standards Preparation and filling of electrodes Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis Quantitative analysis The analysis of geochemical samples The inorganic content of organic extracts from coal Spectrographic analysis of box-stones from the Northampton IronstoneChapter 6. Flame Photometry Introduction Equipment The source unit The optical unit The detector Scope of the method Accuracy of the method Interferences Analytical techniques Direct method from calibration curve Background correction Dilution method The standard addition technique The internal standard method The use of spectroscopic buffers Solvent extraction Ion exchange methodsChapter 7. X-ray Spectrography Introduction The origin of X-ray spectra The excitation of spectra Fluorescent spectra Instrumentation The source unit The spectrometer The detector Measurement of line intensity The preparation of samples for analysis Solid samples Powder samples Briquetted samples Fused samples Solution samples Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Applications The electron probe microanalyserChapter 8. X-ray Diffraction Introduction Method of X-ray crystal analysis Laue method Rotating crystal methods Powder methods The powder technique Equipment Sample preparation Choice of conditions Type of radiation Choice of filter and working voltage Interpretation of results Measurement of spacings Measurements of relative intensities Use of the A.S.T.M. index Quantitative analysis The X-ray diffractometer Applications of X-ray diffraction techniquesChapter 9. Fluorimetry Introduction The origin of fluorescence insolutions Quantitative considerations The measurement of fluorescence Instrumentation The amplifier The cuvettes Geochemical applicationsChapter 10. Chromatography Introduction Paper and thin layer chromatography Reagents for inorganic paper chromatography Column chromatography Gas or vapour-phase chromatography The equipment for gas chromatography The gas supply Sample injection The Chromatographie column Detectors Thermal conductivity detectors Gas density meters Flame temperature detectors Flame ionisation detectors Argon ionisation detectors The complete equipment Qualitative analysis Chromatographie analysis Quantitative analysis Chromatographie analysis The choice of stationary phase Pyrochromatography The pyrolysis unit Geochemical applicationsReferencesIndex