Alcohol and Its Biomarkers
Clinical Aspects and Laboratory Determination
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Alcohol and Its Biomarkers: Clinical Aspects and Laboratory Determination is a concise guide to all currently known alcohol biomarkers, their clinical application, and the laboratory methods used to detect them. Pathologists can use this resource to understand the limitations and cost factors associated with each method for determining certain alcohol biomarkers. In addition, interferences in these determinations are discussed, so that clinicians can understand the causes of falsely elevated biomarkers and pathologists and laboratory scientists can potentially eliminate them. The book focuses on the analytical methods used to detect alcohol in blood and urine, the limitations of alcohol determination using enzymatic methods, and the differences between clinical and forensic alcohol measurement. Chapters also cover cutting-edge alcohol biomarkers for potential use.
Key Features
- Focuses on the analytical methods used for detecting alcohol in blood and urine along with the pitfalls and limitations of alcohol determination using enzymatic methods
- Explains the difference between clinical and forensic alcohol measurement
- Includes a brief overview of the benefits of consuming alcohol in moderation and the hazards of heavy drinking
Readership
Residents and fellows in clinical pathology and clinical chemistry, practicing clinical pathologists and clinical chemists
Table of Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Alcohol: Use, Abuse, and Issues with Blood Alcohol Level
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Alcohol Consumption: Historical Perspective
- 1.3 Alcohol Content of Various Alcoholic Beverages
- 1.4 Guidelines for Alcohol Consumption
- 1.5 Benefits of Drinking in Moderation
- 1.6 Adverse Heath Effects Related to Alcohol Dependence
- 1.7 Blood Alcohol Level
- 1.8 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 2. Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism and Drinking Behavior
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Alcohol Absorption: Effect of Food
- 2.3 First-Pass Metabolism of Alcohol
- 2.4 Alcohol Metabolism
- 2.5 Genes Encoding Alcohol Dehydrogenase
- 2.6 Genes Encoding Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
- 2.7 Polymorphism of the CYP2E1 Gene
- 2.8 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 3. Measurement of Alcohol Levels in Body Fluids and Transdermal Alcohol Sensors
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Breath Alcohol Determination
- 3.3 Blood Alcohol Determination
- 3.4 Endogenous Production of Alcohol
- 3.5 Urine Alcohol Determination
- 3.6 Saliva Alcohol Determination
- 3.7 Transdermal Alcohol Sensors
- 3.8 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4. Alcohol Biomarkers: An Overview
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 State Versus Trait Alcohol Biomarkers
- 4.3 Liver Enzymes as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 4.4 Mean Corpuscular Volume as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.5 Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.6 β-Hexosaminidase as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.7 Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 4.8 Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.9 Phosphatidylethanol as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.10 Total Plasma Sialic Acid as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.11 Sialic Acid Index of Apolipoprotein J
- 4.12 5-HTOL/5-HIAA as Alcohol Biomarker
- 4.13 Other Alcohol Biomarkers
- 4.14 Clinical Application of Alcohol Biomarkers
- 4.15 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 5. Liver Enzymes as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Factors Affecting Liver Function Tests
- 5.3 Effect of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Liver Enzymes
- 5.4 GGT as Alcohol Biomarker
- 5.5 Laboratory Determinations of Liver Enzymes
- 5.6 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6. Mean Corpuscular Volume and Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Mean Corpuscular Volume as Alcohol Biomarker
- 6.3 Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin
- 6.4 Laboratory Determination of CDT
- 6.5 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7. β-Hexosaminidase, Acetaldehyde–Protein Adducts, and Dolichol as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 β-Hexosaminidase Isoforms
- 7.3 β-Hexosaminidase as Alcohol Biomarker
- 7.4 Laboratory Methods for Measuring β-Hexosaminidase
- 7.5 Acetaldehyde–Protein Adducts as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 7.6 Dolichol as Alcohol Biomarker
- 7.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8. Direct Alcohol Biomarkers Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate, Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters, and Phosphatidylethanol
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate
- 8.3 Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 8.4 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters as Alcohol Biomarkers
- 8.5 Phosphatidylethanol as Alcohol Biomarker
- 8.6 Sensitivity and Specificity of Direct Alcohol Biomarkers
- 8.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9. Less Commonly Used Alcohol Biomarkers and Proteomics in Alcohol Biomarker Discovery
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Total Sialic Acid in Serum as Alcohol Biomarker
- 9.3 Sialic Acid Index of Apolipoprotein J as Alcohol Biomarker
- 9.4 5-Hydroxytryptophol as Alcohol Biomarker
- 9.5 Other Alcohol Biomarkers
- 9.6 Proteomics in Alcohol Biomarker Discovery
- 9.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 10. Genetic Markers of Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Heredity, Environment, and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.3 Genes and Alcohol Use Disorder: An Overview
- 10.4 Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
- 10.5 Neurobiological Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.6 Polymorphisms of Genes in Dopamine Pathway and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.7 Polymorphisms of Genes in the Serotonin Pathway and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.8 Polymorphisms of Genes in the Gaba Pathway and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.9 Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding Cholinergic Receptors and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.10 Polymorphisms of Genes in the Glutamate Pathway and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.11 Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding Opioid Receptors and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.12 Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding Cannabinoid Receptors and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.13 Adenylyl Cyclase and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.14 Neuropeptide Y and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.15 Possible Association of Polymorphisms of other Genes With Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.16 Epigenetics and Alcohol Use Disorder
- 10.17 Conclusions
- References
- Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 312
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 2015
- Published: February 18, 2015
- Imprint: Elsevier
- eBook ISBN: 9780128004098
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780128003398
About the Author
Amitava Dasgupta
Dr. Amitava Dasgupta received his Ph.D degree in Chemistry from Stanford University and received his medical training in Toxicology and Clinical Chemistry from the Laboratory Medicine Department of the University of Washington School Of Medicine at Seattle. He is board certified in both Toxicology and Clinical Chemistry by the American Board of Clinical Chemistry. He is a tenured Full Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center located at the Texas Medical Center at Houston. He is also the Director of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory of Memorial-Hermann Laboratory Services, the major clinical teaching hospital of the University of Texas. In addition, he is also the Medical Director of Memorial-TIRR Hospital laboratory services.
Dr. Dasgupta has published over 235 scientific papers and edited, co-edited, authored or co-authored 20 books including books published by Elsevier. He is on the Editorial Board of five major medical journals including American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Clinica Chimica Acta and Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. He lectures both nationally and internationally on drug and alcohol testing and acts as an expert witness for the State of Texas for alcohol and drug related criminal prosecutions.
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA