Agricultural and Horticultural Engineering

Table of ContentsReferences Are to Paragraph NumbersA More Detailed List of Subjects Appears at the Start of Each New ChapterPrefaceAcknowledgmentsDisclaimerList of SourcesTable of ContentsChapter One The Engineering Approach Introduction Models Or Practicalities? The Modeling Approach About This Textbook The Use of Words in this Book A Special Message to Agricultural and Horticultural Students The Engineering Approach Contract Management Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Two Surveying Introduction Tape Surveying Compass Surveying Aerial Surveying Leveling Barometric Leveling with the Aneroid Abney Clinometer Cowley Level The Dumpy Level The Theodolite Tacheometry Or Stadia Surveying Electronic Distance Measurement and Electronic Total Stations Plane Tabling Calculation of Volumes Setting Out For Earthworks Problems Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Three Models of Our World Introduction Models of the Environment—An Overview of Physical Models (Laws) Models of Material Properties Models of the Interactions Between Materials and Their Environments Models of the Response to Loading of Solids The Relationship Between Stress and Strain Hardness Other Types of Matter Movement Momentum Getting A Reaction Friction Distributed Loads Frameworks Elastic Model of A Bending Beam Work, Energy and Power Temperature and Heat Light and Electromagnetic Radiation Conservation of Energy Energy Units Efficiency Further Problems Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Four Workshop Methods Introduction Soldering Welding Using Oxygen-Acetylene Apparatus Electric Arc Welding Low Temperature Brazing Bronze Welding Notes On The Use of Farm Workshop Tools Exercises Aims of this Chapter ReferencesChapter Five Hydraulics Introduction Water Supply Requirements Basic Properties Hydrostatics Hydrodynamics Measurement of Flow Rate in Pipes Head Loss, Pumping and Bernoulli's Equation Head Loss in A Pipe Design Criterion For Water Supplies Estimation of Head Loss Systems Curves Pumps Types of Pump Wells (Bores) Farm Dams Installation Notes Irrigation Systems Sub-Surface Irrigation Surface Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Trickle Irrigation Horticultural Spraying Water Hammer Drainage Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Six Electricity and Electronics Introduction Fundamental Principles of Electronics Ohm's Law Power and Energy Consumption Batteries Types of Circuit Component Using and Interfacing Electronic Equipment Digital Circuits The Electronics of Computers Interfacing Digital Circuits Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Seven Power Systems And Thermal Systems Introduction Electrical Power Alternating Voltage Supplies Electrical Power Generation and Distribution Electric Motors Electrical Safety Internal Combustion Engines Refrigeration Heat Transfer Heat Exchangers Fans Alternative Power Sources Energy Conservation Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Eight Buildings: Materials, Designs and Construction Introduction Soils and Foundations Foundations Concrete Timber Steel and Other Metals Construction Systems Greenhouses Housing For Stock Fruit Support Structures Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Nine Fencing Introduction Fencing Wire Posts, Battens and Stays End Strainer Assemblies Securing Posts in Soil Fencing Designs Electric Fencing Permanent Electric Fence Designs Protection of Young Trees and Shelter Belts From Stock Pest Control Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Ten Milking Machines Introduction Physiology of Milking and Its Effect On Management The Milking Machine Pipe Sizes in Milking Plants Milking Machine Materials Cleaning Methods and Materials The Effect of the Milking Machine On Mastitis Coolers and Vats Energy Conservation Developments in Milking Systems Milking Shed Design Siting and Regulations Races and Yards General Construction Disposal of Cow Shed Wastes Automation Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Eleven Post Harvest Systems Introduction Behaviour of Crops After Harvest Post Harvest Processing Cooling Capacity Calculations Storage After Cooling Marketing Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Chapter Twelve Our Environment, Its Measurement, Destruction and Protection The Atmosphere Environmental Measurements and Instruments Environmental Pollution Types of Pollution Measurement of Pollution Methods of Treatment Problems in Densely Populated Countries and Colder Climates Exercises Aims of this Chapter References Appendix Units, Multiples and Conversion Between Systems of Units Method For Converting Units Area FormulaIndex