Aging
Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants
Description
Key Features
- Nutritionists can apply information related to mitochondrial oxidative stress in one disease to diet-related strategies in another unrelated disease
- Dietitians can prescribe new foods or diets containing anti-oxidants for conditions resistant to conventional pharmacological treatments
- Dietitians, after learning about the basic biology of oxidative stress, will be able to suggest new treatments to their multidisciplinary teams
- Nutritionists and dietitians will gain an understanding of cell signaling and be able to suggest new preventative or therapeutic strategies with anti-oxidant rich foods
Readership
Nutritionists, dieticians, gerontologists, and aging researchers
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Section 1 Oxidative Stress and Aging
Chapter 1. Oxidative Stress and Frailty: A Closer Look at the Origin of a Human Aging Phenotype
Introduction
Oxidative Stress and Aging
Frailty
Oxidative Stress and Frailty
Unanswered Questions
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Summary Points
Chapter 2. Skin Aging and Oxidative Stress
Introduction
The Structure of Human Skin
Measuring Skin Aging
Cellular Correlates of Skin Aging
Oxidative Stress and Intrinsic Skin Aging
Environmental Exposures Associated With Skin Aging
Photoaging
Conclusions
Summary Points
Chapter 3. Cardiovascular Disease in Aging and the Role of Oxidative Stress
Introduction
Physiology of the Aging Cardiovascular System
The Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress as Applied to the Cardiovascular System
Longevity Genes and the Longevity Network
Other Genes and Pathways in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases
Summary Points
Chapter 4. Oxidative Stress, Aging and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Liver Pathology
Introduction
Evidence for Age-Associated Morphologic, Structural and Functional Changes in the Liver
Evidence for Age-Associated Loss of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Liver
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Liver Aging
Oxidative Damage to the Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes in Liver Aging
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Liver-Associated Disease
Conclusion
Summary Points
Chapter 5. Arthritis as a Disease of Aging and Changes in Antioxidant Status
Introduction
The Concept of Oxygen Toxicity and Free Radicals
Oxidative Stress in Arthritis
Summary Points
Chapter 6. Diabetes as a Disease of Aging, and the Role of Oxidative Stress
Introduction
Type 2 Diabetes and Aging
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Human Disease
Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and Aging
Conclusion
Summary Points
Section 2 Antioxidants and Aging
Chapter 7. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Elderly Women
Introduction
Role of Estrogen in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Women
Role of Telomere Length in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in Elderly Women
Dietary Antioxidant Therapies in Elderly Women
Summary Points
Chapter 8. Antioxidants, Vegetarian Diets and Aging
Introduction
Human Aging: Why and How Does it Occur, and What are the Consequences of Aging?
Oxidative Stress and Aging
Lowering Oxidative Stress: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Increasing Healthspan
Antioxidants in Food
Vegetarian Diet, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Healthspan
Antioxidants and Health: Molecular Connections and Research Needs
Summary Points
Chapter 9. Enteral Nutrition to Increase Antioxidant Defenses in Elderly Patients
Introduction
Enteral Nutrition in Elderly Patients
Enteral Nutrition with Antioxidant Properties
Enteral Nutrition with Whey Protein
The Role of Vitamins and Micronutrients with Antioxidant Properties
Conclusion
Summary Points
Chapter 10. Herbs and Spices in Aging
Introduction
Spices
Herbs
Seaweeds
Summary Points
Chapter 11. Coenzyme Q10 as an Antioxidant in the Elderly
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense
Aging
Coenzyme Q10
Conclusions
Summary Points
Chapter 12. Vitamin C and Physical Performance in the Elderly
Introduction
Oxidative Stress and Exercise
Oxidative Stress, Vitamin C Supplementation, and Physical Performance
Epidemiology Study
Intervention Study
Conclusions
Summary Points
Chapter 13. Tryptophan and Melatonin-Enriched Foodstuffs to Improve Antioxidant Status in Aging
Introduction
Dietary Tryptophan and Melatonin: Sources of Health
Consumption of Foodstuffs Containing Bioactive Compounds to Protect Against Oxidative Stress
Summary Points
Chapter 14. Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Age-Related Bone and Skin Phenotypes Caused by Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
Introduction
Sod1 Deficiency Induces Bone Loss
Vitamin C Prevents Bone Loss in Sod1-Deficient Mice
Vitamin C Improves Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency
Mechanical Unloading Induces ROS Production and Bone Loss
Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice
A Vitamin C Derivative Improves Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice
Summary Points
Chapter 15. S-Equol, an Antioxidant Metabolite of Soy Daidzein, and Oxidative Stress in Aging: A Focus on Skin and on the Cardiovascular System
Introduction
Properties of S-Equol
Aging Skin
Isoflavones and Aging Skin
S-Equol’s Mechanism of Reducing Oxidative Stress in Skin
S-Equol and Cardiovascular Diseases
S-Equol’s Mechanism for Reducing Oxidative Stress in the Cardiovascular System
Importance of S-Equol Exposure Early in Life
Summary Points
Chapter 16. Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and Aging Muscle
Introduction
Magnesium Metabolism in Older Adults
Magnesium, Muscular Performance, and Aging Muscle
Magnesium, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress
Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, and The Aging Muscle: The Role of Inflammation
Magnesium, Immune Responses, and Oxidative Stress
Consequences of Magnesium Imbalance with Age
Conclusions
Summary Points
Chapter 17. Late-Life Depression and Antioxidant Supplements
Introduction
Antioxidants and Neuropsychologic Functions in the Elderly: Evidence for Antidepressant Activity
Summary Points
Chapter 18. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Melatonin in Alzheimer’s Neurodegeneration
Introduction
Melatonin: Synthesis and Mechanisms of Action
How Free Radicals are Formed
Some Oxidative-Stress-Related Facts About the Brain
Where Do Free Radicals Come from in the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain?
How Does Melatonin Scavenge Free Radicals?
Melatonin Stimulates Antioxidant Systems
Breaking the Cycle Neuroinflammation↔Oxidative Stress
Melatonin: An Anti-AβAgent
Melatonin Production Decreases with Age
Conclusions
Chapter 19. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Alzheimer’s Disease
Introduction
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species as Probable Mediators of the Abeta-Induced Damage to Alzheimer’s Disease Neurons
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Reduce the Toxic Effects of Abeta in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants Improve Neurologic Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury or Stroke and Reduce the Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease
The Geroprotective Effect of SKQ1
Summary Points
Chapter 20. Downregulation of the Prooxidant Heart Failure Phenotype by Dietary and Nondietary Antioxidants
Introduction
Congestive Heart Failure: A Prooxidant Phenotype
Antioxidants Downregulate the Prooxidant Heart Failure Phenotype
Summary and Conclusions
Summary Points
Chapter 21. Overview of the Role of Antioxidant Vitamins as Protection Against Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Aging
Introduction
Effects of Aging on Cardiovascular Disease
Primary Preventive Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins for CVD
Secondary Preventive Effects and Therapeutic Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins for CVD
Effect of Modification Factors
Conclusion
Summary Points
Chapter 22. Hypertension, Menopause and Natural Antioxidants in Foods and the Diet
Introduction
Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Hidden Mechanisms
Menopause, Oxidative Stress and Hypertension: Pink Networking
Natural Antioxidant Agents
Conclusions
Summary Points
Chapter 23. Aging and Arthritis: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Effects of Herbs and Spices
Introduction
Types of Free Radical and their Generation
The Phenomenon of Oxidative Stress
Oxidative Stress in Diseases
Aging and Diseases
Antioxidant Systems
Traditional Medicine and Herbs
Summary Points
Chapter 24. Lycopene and Other Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Introduction
Osteoporosis
Oxidative Stress
Antioxidants
Studies on the Antioxidants Polyphenols and Lycopene
General Summary and Conclusion
Chapter 25. Zinc, Oxidative Stress in the Elderly and Implications for Inflammation
Introduction
Discovery of Zinc Deficiency in Humans
Clinical Manifestations of Zinc Deficiency
Zinc Deficiency in Elderly Subjects
Proposed Concept of Mechanism of Zinc Action as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Summary Points
Chapter 26. Antioxidant Supplementation in the Elderly and Leukocytes
Introduction
Changes in the Immune System During Aging
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Immune Senescence
Effects of Antioxidants on the Immune System During Aging
Conclusion
Summary Points
Chapter 27. Metabolic Mobilization Strategies to Enhance the Use of Plant-Based Dietary Antioxidants for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
The Role of Dietary Antioxidants and Plant Phenolics in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Inhibitory Activities of Different Plant-Based Foods on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
Enhancement and Mobilization of Plant-Based Antioxidants, Including Phenolics
Conclusion
Summary Points
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 316
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2014
- Published: March 5, 2014
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780124055230
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780124059337