Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton

1st Edition - March 10, 2021
Authors: Stephen B Baker, Pravin K Patel, Jeffrey Weinzweig
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 4 8 4 1 0 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 8 0 5 2 - 3

Achieve optimal results and high patient satisfaction with Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton. Encompassing the entire field of facial skeletal contouring, this one-stop… Read more

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Achieve optimal results and high patient satisfaction with Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton. Encompassing the entire field of facial skeletal contouring, this one-stop resource uses a problem-based, multidisciplinary approach to skeletal contouring of the face and adjunctive procedures that enhance results. With well-illustrated, focused coverage of all recent advances in this fast-changing area, it’s an ideal reference for trainee and practicing cosmetic surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, and oral surgeons.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Foreword
Dedication
List of contributors
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Section 1. Principles
Introduction
1. Aesthetic facial skeletal surgery—evolution of thought and technique
Introduction
Evolution of thought and technique
Autogenous bone grafts and allogeneic bone substitutes
Osteotomy techniques and procedures
Synthetic implants and injectables
Contour reductive procedures
Soft and hard tissue relationship
Facial analysis with gender considerations
The aging face
Summary
References
2. Perspectives of facial aesthetics
Introduction
History
Dental history and examination
Psychologic assessment
Photographic analysis
Radiologic examination
Facial analysis
Frontal analysis
Profile analysis
Summary
References
3. Anthropometrics
History of morphometrics
Measurements
Beauty and attractiveness
Summary
References
4. Psychology of facial aesthetics
Introduction
Physical appearance and society
Psychologic characteristics of aesthetic surgery patients
Psychologic changes following facial aesthetic treatment
Body dysmorphic disorder and aesthetic facial treatments
Psychologic assessment of the aesthetic facial patient
Motivations and expectations for an aesthetic procedure
Physical appearance and body image concerns
Assessment of general psychiatric status and history
Referral to a mental health professional
Summary
References
5. Motivations of patients seeking aesthetic surgery of the face
Motivation for patients seeking aesthetic surgery of the face
History of aesthetic facial surgery
Ethnocentricity (fitting in)
Male surgery
The eurasian nose
Consumerism—the appetite for aesthetic surgery, beauty through consumption
Advertising and aesthetic surgery
Reality television
Digital media mania
Our online image
Plastic surgery before and after galleries
Financial incentives
The medical tourism industry
The globalization of aesthetic surgery
Gender issues
Summary
References
6. The importance of patient-reported outcomes in aesthetic skeletal facial surgery
Introduction
About the FACE-Q
Important uses of the FACE-Q
Summary
References
7. Radiologic advances in facial imaging
Introduction
Clinically relevant radiation biology
Prescribing an imaging study
Two-dimensional images: Applications to contemporary aesthetic surgery of the facial skeleton
Computed tomography
Cone beam computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Summary
8. Photographic advances in facial imaging
Clinical photography in plastic surgery
What accounts for a quality clinical photograph or image of a face?
Two-dimensional photography
Two-dimensional videography
Three-dimensional photography
Four-dimensional surface imaging system
Future directions
Summary
References
9. Relationship between the soft tissue and the skeletal framework
Introduction
Soft tissue simulation methods
Summary
References
10. Surgical anatomy and approaches to the facial skeleton
Anatomy
Incisions
References
11. Biology of bone and cartilage grafting
Introduction
Bone biology
Cartilage biology
Summary
References
12. Alloplastic and natural materials used as implants
Introduction
Effects of implant material characteristics, porosity, and interfacial stress
Adverse reactions to implants
Types of implant materials
Autografts, allografts, and xenografts
Injectable implants
Mechanical properties of implants
Mechanical properties of materials
Methods for mechanical testing of tissues and implants
Mechanochemical transduction
Summary
References
13. Aging of the facial skeleton
Introduction
Skeletal changes
References
14. Biology of fat grafting
Introduction
Anatomy of a fat graft
Variables impacting graft survival
Harvest site
Harvesting technique
Processing technique
Intrinsic patient variability in fat tissue
Injection technique
Recipient site
Additives and growth factors
Summary
References
15. Embryology and development of the facial skeleton
Branchial arches and pharyngeal pouches
The calvaria
The midface
Palatogenesis
The facial skeleton
Facial bones
References
Section 2. The Skeletal Framework
Introduction
16. Optimizing aesthetics in facial skeletal surgery
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Optimizing outcomes
Summary
References
17. 3D virtual surgical planning: From blueprint to construction
The problem
Emerging three-dimensional technology
Future
Summary
References
18. Advances in orthodontic treatment
Introduction
What is the advantage of suresmile?
Diagnostic simulations
Indirect bonding setups
Presurgical orthodontic preparation using suresmile
Invisalign
Nonsurgical orthodontic compensation for skeletal discrepancies
Mandibular growth modification
Temporary anchorage device
Buccal shelf and infra zygomatic crest screws
Maxillary protraction with bollard skeletal anchorage plates
Summary
References
19. Optimizing the smile: The interface between teeth and lips
Introduction
Anatomy of the smile
Analysis of the smile
Optimizing the aesthetic smile
Case studies
Summary
References
20. Maxillary skeletal orthognathic surgery
Introduction
Maxillary skeletal deformities
Patient assessment
Objective records
Treatment goals and orthodontic and surgical planning
The operative approach
Postoperative management
Aesthetic outcome
Summary
References
21. Mandibular skeletal orthognathic surgery
Introduction
Considerations
Differential diagnosis
Aesthetic physical examination
Imaging and cephalometric analysis
Preoperative planning
Primary and alternative approaches to the chin
Surgical technique: Genioplasty
Mandibular surgery indications
Surgical technique: Genioplasty
Surgical technique: Mandible
Postoperative care
Complications
Summary
References
22. Maxillary–mandibular aesthetic orthognathic surgery
Introduction
Indications for two-jaw surgery
Treatment planning
Operative details
Summary
References
23. Maxillary–mandibular skeletal contouring surgery
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Current issues about surgical techniques
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Summary
References
24. Alloplastic augmentation of the midface
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Surgical technique
Summary
References
25. Orthognathic camouflage
Introduction
Skeletal class II deformity
Skeletal class III deformity
Hemifacial microsomia
Posttraumatic deformities
Iatrogenic deformities
Summary
References
26. Alloplastic augmentation of the chin and the mandible
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications/contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Surgical technique
Risks and complications
Summary
References
27. Osseous genioplasty: Dimensional control of the lower facial third
Introduction
Anatomy
Patient evaluation
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach and surgical technique
Alternative approaches and optimizing outcomes
Post–implant removal genioplasty
Management of soft tissue
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
References
28. Rhinoplasty: Dimensional analysis and planning
Introduction
Facial assessment for rhinoplasty
Analysis of the nose
Dynamics of rhinoplasty
Anterior nasal spine augmentation
Summary
References
29. Principles of rhinoplasty
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications/contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Surgical technique
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Summary
References
30. Aesthetic cranioplasty
Introduction
Anatomy
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Onlay cranioplasty
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Caveats
Summary
References
31. Osseointegration and prosthodontic considerations
Introduction
Osseointegration and facial aesthetic
The aesthetic zone
Single tooth replacement and aesthetic considerations
Complex conditions of tooth loss and aesthetic considerations
Summary
References
32. Anaplastology and facial prosthetics
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Surgical techniques
Optimizing outcomes
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Summary
References
33. Aesthetic orbital surgery
Introduction
Surgical anatomy of the orbit
Vocabulary of the orbits
Surgical planning for vertical dystopia and hyperteleorbitism
Operative technique and principles
Case studies
Surgical planning for exophthalmos
Summary
References
Section 3. The Soft Tissue and Skin Envelope
Introduction
34. Soft tissue assessment, optimization, and planning
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications/contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Summary
References
35. Lipostructure for the facial skeleton
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications/contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach and surgical technique
Case 1
Case 2
Optimizing outcomes
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Caveats
Summary
References
36. Structural fillers of the face
Introduction
Structural fillers
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Case study
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Summary
References
37. Perioral considerations in facial aesthetic surgery
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Surgical technique
Risks and complications
Summary
References
38. Skeletal considerations in facial rejuvenation
Introduction
Forehead rejuvenation
Upper lid blepharoplasty
Lower lid blepharoplasty
Lip lift
Facelift
Summary
References
39. Microsurgical augmentation of the facial skeleton
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Surgical technique
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Caveats
Summary
References
Section 4. Special Case Considerations
Introduction
40. Facial feminization surgery
Introduction
Bony differences
Soft tissue differences
Goals of facial feminization surgery
Principles of facial feminization surgery
FFS procedures
References
41. Evaluation and treatment of the adult patient presenting with facial asymmetry
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Common etiologies of facial asymmetry
History
Differential diagnosis
Physical examination
Image acquisition and virtual surgical planning
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Primary operative approach
Alternative approaches
Optimizing outcomes
Surgical technique
Postoperative care
Risks and complications
Summary
References
42. Posttraumatic facial restoration—a philosophy for repair
Introduction
Patient evaluation
Indications and contraindications
Preoperative planning
Nonocclusal posttraumatic reconstruction
Occlusal posttraumatic reconstruction
Summary
References
43. Face transplantation
Introduction
The multidisciplinary transplantation team
Face transplantation—anatomic considerations
Preoperative workup for recipient
Donor allograft recovery
Face transplantation procedure
Motor and sensory nerve coaptation
Technical failure of the facial transplantation
Summary
References
44. The effects of contour and highlighting makeup on the perception of facial form
Introduction
Sexual dimorphism
The power of makeup
Patient evaluation and technique
Summary
References
Index

Stephen B Baker

Dr. Stephen B. Baker has completed training in oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, and craniofacial surgery at the University of Pennsylvania /Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. He serves as Professor and Program Director of the Department of Plastic Surgery at Georgetown University Hospital. Clinical applications of fat grafting comprise a large part of Dr. Baker’s practice and his publications on fat grafting include topics in both clinical outcomes and basic science research.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Program Director of the Department of Plastic Surgery at Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery.

Pravin K Patel

Dr. Pravin K. Patel is Professor of Surgery and Chief of Pediatric Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery at University of Illinois, Chicago. He holds an adjunct academic position in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Marquette University, Milwaukee, and in the Department of Surgery at Northwestern University.He is Chief of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery at Shriners Hospitals for Children. He has been in practice for two decades with a clinical focus on the treatment of children with deformities that involve the skull and facial bones (craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery). With a background in electrical engineering and computer science his research interests are in computer based surgical planning and in skeletal tissue engineering.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Chief Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Surgery. Director of the Craniofacial Center, Chief of Pediatric Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery. University of Illinois at Chicago.

Jeffrey Weinzweig

Dr Jeff Weinzweig serves as Clinical Professor in the Division of Plastic Surgery and The Craniofacial Center at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and Chief of Craniofacial Surgery at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center. As the editor of 5 textbooks and the author of over 200 journal articles and book chapters, Dr. Weinzweig has developed an international reputation as a prolific contributor in the field.

Affiliations and expertise

Clinical Professor of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago. Chief of Craniofacial Surgery Director, Craniofacial Anomalies Program, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago