Advances in Radiation Biology

Advances in Radiation Biology, Volume 7, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in the field of radiation biology. The book contains six chapters and opens with a study on the exploitation of the unique properties of purified lesion-recognizing enzymes as the basis of assays that monitor the repair of DNA lesions in vivo. This is followed by separate chapters on the effects of radiation on living eukaryotic cells; the ecological effects of ionizing radiation; and the applicability of bacterial models of DNA repair and recovery to UV-irradiated mammalian cells. Subsequent chapters focus on acute radiation effects on the adult nervous system and the repair of DNA modified by cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic chemicals.

Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Use of Purified Lesion-Recognizing Enzymes to Monitor DNA Repair in Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Enzymatic Repair Mechanisms

III. Conventional Repair Assays

IV. Enzymatic Assays

V. Experimental Applications of Enzymatic Assays

VI. Compendium of Lesion-Specific Endonucleases

VII. Concluding Comments and Perspectives

Note Added in Proof

References

The Crucial Role of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Cellular Radiobiological Effects

I. Introduction

II. The Basis of the Molecular Theory

III. Cell Survival

IV. Chromosomal Aberrations

V. Somatic Mutations

VI. Radiation-Induced Malignancy

VII. Hereditary Effects

VIII. Summary and Conclusions

References

Evaluating the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Organisms

I. Introduction

II. Dosimetry in the Aquatic Environment

III. Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Aquatic Invertebrates

IV. Effects of High-Level Radiation Exposure on Adult Fish

V. Effects of Acute Irradiation on Teleosts

VI. Effects of Irradiation on Developing Fish Eggs

VII. Cytological and Genetic Effects of Irradiation on Aquatic Organisms

VIII. Effects of Radiation on Natural Populations

XI. Discussion

References

Applicability of Bacterial Models of DNA Repair and Recovery to UV-Irradiated Mammalian Cells

I. Objective of Review

II. Repair and Recovery in Bacteria

III. Excision Repair in Mammalian Cells

IV. DNA Synthesis and Replication

V. Postreplication Repair

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

Electrophysiological Studies on Radiation-Induced Changes in the Adult Nervous System

I. Introduction

II. Physiological Changes in the Nervous System Induced by Ionizing Radiation

References

The Repair of DNA Modified by Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Carcinogenic Chemicals

Part A. Chemical Modifications to DNA and Their Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Carcinogenic Consequences

I. Introduction

II. Reactions of Chemicals with Nucleic Acids

III. Biological Effects of Reactions with DNA

Part B. Repair of Chemically Modified DNA

I. Excision Repair

II. Postreplication Repair

III. Genetic Factors and DNA Repair

Part C. Conclusions and Perspectives

List of Abbreviations

References

Subject Index