Advances in Metabolic Disorders

Contributors

Contents of Previous Volumes

General

Introductory Speech

Text

Regulation of Cellular Growth

I. Introduction

II. How Do Growth-Regulating Factors Work?

III. Cyclic AMP and Cell Growth

IV. How Does Insulin Act to Lower Cyclic AMP Levels?

V. How Might Cyclic AMP and Steroids Work to Control Cell Growth?

VI. Cyclic GMP

VII. Insulin Receptors, Cyclic AMP, and Cyclic GMP

VIII. Malignant Transformation

IX. Putting It All Together

References

Somatomedins

Somatomedins

I. Introduction

II. Bioassay of Somatomedin

III. Somatomedin in Man

IV. Purification of Somatomedin

V. Mechanism of Production of Somatomedin

VI. Biological Action of Purified Somatomedins in Vitro

VII. Conclusions and Discussion

References

Isolation and Chemistry of Human Somatomedins A and B

I. Introduction

II. Procedure for Isolation of Somatomedins

III. Somatomedin A

IV. Somatomedin B

V. Discussion

References

The Measurement of Somatomedin A by Radioreceptor Assay

I. Introduction

II. Radioreceptor Assay Methodology

III. Specificity of Somatomedin A Radioreceptor Assay

IV. Somatomedin A in Human Serum

V. Conclusions

References

Radioimmunoassay of Somatomedin B

I. Introduction

II. Radioimmunoassay Methodology

III. Somatomedin B in Plasma

IV. State of Somatomedin B in Plasma and Plasma Fractions

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

The Response of Cultured Human Normal Glial Cells to Growth Factors

I. Introduction

II. The Glial Cell System

III. The Glial Cell Bioassay of Growth-Promoting Substances

IV. Somatomedins

V. Fibroblast Growth Factor

VI. Growth Factors Released by Cultured Cells

VII. Platelets and Serum Factors

VIII. Discussion

IX. Summary

Note Added in Proof

References

Somatomedin A and B: Demonstration of Two Different Somatomedinlike Components in Human Plasma

I. Introduction

II. 35SO4 Incorporation into Cell Cultures

III. Stimulation of Sulfate Incorporation

IV. Separation of Two Somatomedinlike Polypeptides from Human Plasma

V. Summary

References

Preliminary Studies of Somatomedin In Vitro and In Vivo in Rats

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Effect of Somatomedin in Vitro

IV. Effect of Somatomedin in the Rat

References

Explorations of the Insulinlike and Growth-Promoting Properties of Somatomedin by Membrane Receptor Assays

I. Introduction

II. Studies of Insulinlike Properties of Somatomedin

III. Comparisons between Insulinlike Activity (ILA) and Somatomedin Activity in Human Plasma Fractions

IV. Studies with Purified Somatomedin C

V. Measurement of Plasma Somatomedin Levels with the Specific Somatomedin C Receptor Assay

VI. Conclusion

VII. Summary

References

Somatomedin Generation by Perfused Livers

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

References

Somatomedin Levels in Human Beings

I. Introduction

II. Somatomedin Levels in Man

III . Relation of Growth Hormone to Somatomedin

References

Further Observations on Plasma Somatomedin Activity in Children

I. Introduction

II. Plasma Somatomedin in a Nonselect Population of Children of Similar Age

III. Further Observations on a Somatomedin Inhibitor in Malnutrition

IV. Plasma Somatomedin Activity in Children with Emotional-Deprivation Short Stature

V. Summary

References

Interaction of Somatomedin and a Peptide Inhibitor in Serum of Hypophysectomized and Starved, Pituitary-Intact Rats

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

References

Nonsuppressible Insulinlike Activity (NSILA)

Purification Procedures for NSILA-S

I. Large-Scale Purification of NSILA-S from Serum

II. Partial Purification of NSILA-S from Individual Sera

References

Biological Properties of NSILA-S

I. Insulinlike Effects of NSILA-S in Vitro

II. Effects of NSILA-S in Vivo

III. Growth Effects of NSILA-S

IV. Membrane Receptors for NSILA-S

V. Binding Protein for NSILA-S in Plasma

References

NSILA-S, Physiologic and Pharmacologic Significance as an Insulinlike Hormone and as a Growth-Promoting Hormone

I. Introduction

II. NSILA-S in Normal Subjects, Acromegalics, and Pituitary Dwarfs

III. Multifactorial Endocrine Regulation of NSILA-S

References

Growth Hormones

In Vitro Effects of Growth Hormone on Cyclic AMP Metabolism in the Isolated Rat Diaphragm

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References

Specific Growth Factors (EGF, NGF, and FGF)

Interaction of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) with Cultured Fibroblasts

I. Introduction

II. Chemical and Physical Properties of EGF

III. Effects of EGF In Vivo and in Organ Culture Systems

IV. Stimulation of Fibroblast Proliferation by EGF

V. Interactions of 125I-EGF with Human Fibroblasts

VI. Conclusions

References

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF): Structure and Mechanism of Action

I. Introduction

II. Structure of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)

III. Biological Functions of NGF

IV. Mechanism of Action of NGF

V. Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF): Its Localization, Purification, Mode of Action, and Physiological Significance

I. Introduction

II. Localization and Purification of FGF

III. Control of DNA Synthesis in 3T3 Cells by FGF and Glucocorticoids

IV. Stimulation of Division and Morphological Changes in Sparse and Confluent 3T3 Cell Populations by FGF, Dexamethasone, and Insulin

V. Mitogenic Effect of FGF on Other Cell Lines

VI. Action of FGF upon Cell Transformation Mutants in Culture: Loss of Growth-Initiating Ability at Permissive Temperatures

VII. Induction of the Pleiotypic Responses by FGF in Quiescent Cultures of BALB/c 3T3 Cells

VIII. Changes in Intracellular Cyclic Nucleotides Induced by FGF in Quiescent Cultures of BALB/c 3T3 Cells

IX. In Vivo Effect of FGF

References

Growth Regulation in Cultures of Embryonic Rat Fibroblasts by the Serum Factors S1 and S2

I. Introduction

II. Isolation and Properties of the Serum Factors S1 and S2

III. Effects of S1 and S2 on Embryonic Rat Fibroblasts in Tissue Culture

IV. Effects of S1I and S2 on Permanent Rat Cell Lines

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Thymosin

The Endocrine Role of the Thymus and Its Hormone, Thymosin, in the Regulation of the Growth and Maturation of Host Immunological Competence

I. Introduction

II. Background of Present Concepts of the Nature and Role of the Thymus Gland and Lymphoid Cell Growth and Maturation in Host Immunological Competence

III. Chemical Nature of Thymosin and Other Recently Characterized Thymic Factors

IV. Biological Roles of Thymosin and Other Thymic Factors as Revealed by in Vitro and in Vivo Studies

V. Possible Mechanisms of Action of Thymic Humoral Factors

VI. Suggested Interrelationships of the Endocrine Roles of the Thymus and of Growth-Promoting Factors

VII. Potential Practical Applications of Thymic Humoral Factors

VIII. Summary

References

Malignant Cells

Cyclic AMP and the Malignant Transformation of Cells

I. Introduction

II. Cyclic AMP Levels in Normal and Transformed Cells

III. Cyclic AMP Treatment of Cells

IV. Enzymes of Cyclic AMP Metabolism

V. NRK Cells

VI. KNRK Cells

VII. Summary

References

Discussion

Post session Discussion of Papers

I. Purification, Structure, and Synthesis of Growth Factors

II. Quantitative Measurements of Growth Factors

III. In Vitro Actions of Growth Factors

IV. Biological and Physiological Actions of Growth Factors

V. Clinical Aspects of Growth Factors

General Discussion

I. Summary by Hogue-Angeletti

II. Summary by Cohen

III. Summary by White 415

IV. Summary by Gospodarowicz

V. Summary by Van Wyk

Conclusion Remarks

Text

Subject Index