Advances in Lipid Research

Skin Lipids

1st Edition, Volume 24 - November 14, 1991
Editor: Peter M. Elias
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 1 5 4 5 - 7

Advances in Lipid Research, Volume 24 provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of skin lipids. This book discusses the importance of epidermal lipids for cutaneous… Read more

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Advances in Lipid Research, Volume 24 provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of skin lipids. This book discusses the importance of epidermal lipids for cutaneous barrier function. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the biochemical, metabolic, and structural aspects of the role of lipids in permeability barrier formation and maintenance. This text then examines the lipid biophysics of the intercellular lipid domains in the stratum corneum, and the regulation of percutaneous absorption by these domains. Other chapters consider the lipid content and metabolism of cultured keratinocytes, which are grown under standard conditions and in various in vitro systems that attempt to produce an epidermal equivalent. This book discusses as well the important field of lipid signaling mechanisms in the epidermis. The final chapter deals with the clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic applications of vitamin D. This book is a valuable resource for chemist, cytochemists, and clinicians.

Preface

Structural and Lipid Biochemical Correlates of the Epidermal Permeability Barrier

I. Introduction and Historical Perspective

II. Stratum Corneum Two-Compartment Model

III. Cellular Basis for Lipid-Protein Sequestration in the Stratum Corneum of Terrestrial Mammals

IV. Insights from Aves and Marine Mammals (Cetaceans)

V. Intercellular Membrane Structures in Mammalian Stratum Corneum

VI. Structural Alterations in Pathological Stratum Corneum

VII. Structural-Lipid Biochemical Correlates

VIII. Summary

References

The Biochemistry and Function of Stratum Corneum Lipids

I. Introduction

II. Historical Overview

III. Biochemistry and Function

IV. Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism

V. Fatty Acid Uptake and Binding

References

The Regulation and Role of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. Methodological Considerations

III. Lipid Synthesis in the Skin

IV. Systemic Regulation of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis

V. Local Regulation of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis-Role of the Barrier

VI. Importance of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis for Barrier Repair

VII. Signals Initiating Barrier Repair

VIII. Local Regulation of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis-Potential Role of Cell Proliferation

IX. Summary

References

Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Keratinocytes

I. Introduction

II. Changes in LDL Receptor Expression and in Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis in Relation to Keratinocyte Differentiation

III. Differentiation-Linked Changes in the Rate of Lipid Synthesis: Effect of Extracellular Lipoproteins

IV. Differentiation-Linked Modulations of Keratinocyte Lipid Composition

V. Changes in the Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Fluidity in Relation to Keratinocyte Differentiation

VI. Retinoid-Induced Modulations of Lipid Composition in Cultured Keratinocytes

VII. Conclusion

VIII. Appendix

References

Lipid Modulators of Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation

I. Introduction

II. Ether Phospholipids: Platelet-Activating Factor

III. Phospholipase-Initiated Signaling Mechanisms

IV. Sphingolipids as Effector Molecules

V. Miscellaneous Lipid Effectors

VI. Summary

References

X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Mammalian Stratum Corneum Lipid Domains

I. Introduction

II. X-Ray Diffraction

III. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

IV. Conclusions

References

Strategies to Enhance Permeability via Stratum Corneum Lipid Pathways

I. Introduction

II. In Vitro Studies

III. In Vivo Studies: Use of Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy to Evaluate the SC

IV. Conclusion

References

Lipids in Normal and Pathological Desquamation

I. Introduction

II. Cholesterol and Sterol Metabolites in Desquamation

III. Fatty Acids and Acyl Lipids in Desquamation

IV. Possible Lipid Metabolic Defects in Other Cornification Disorders

V. Conclusion: Lipid and Nonlipid Effectors of Desquamation

References

Chemistry and Function of Mammalian Sebaceous Lipids

I. Introduction

II. Anatomy and Distribution

III. Comparative Chemistry of Cutaneous Lipids

IV. Analysis of Sebum

V. Physiology of Sebum Secretion

VI. Biochemistry of Sebum

VII. Function of Sebum

References

Integumental Lipids of Plants and Animals: Comparative Function and Biochemistry

I. Introduction

II. General Design of Surface Lipids

III. Composition and Structure of Integumental Lipids

IV. Synthesis and Transport of Integumental Lipids

V. Water Barrier Function: Working Models

References

Epidermal Vitamin D Metabolism, Function, and Regulation

I. Introduction

II. Historical Perspective

III. Chemistry of Vitamin D

IV. Role of Vitamin D in Calcium Homeostasis

V. Other Biological Actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3

VI. Mechanism of Action of 1,25-(OH)2D3

VII. Cutaneous Production of Vitamin D

VIII. Production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and Its Regulation

IX. Production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 by Epidermal Cells in Culture

X. Effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on Growth and Differentiation of Keratinocytes

XI. Mechanism of Action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the Regulation of Epidermal Differentiation

XII. Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on Other Types of Skin Cells

XIII. Concluding Remarks

References

Index

Contents of Previous Volumes