Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification

1st Edition - June 29, 2022
Editors: Ram Swaroop Meena, Sandeep Kumar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 7 9 7 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 6 0 0 - 0

Advances in Legume-based Agroecoystem for Sustainable Intensification explores current research and future strategies for ensuring capacity growth and socioeconomic improveme… Read more

Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification

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Advances in Legume-based Agroecoystem for Sustainable Intensification explores current research and future strategies for ensuring capacity growth and socioeconomic improvement through the utilization of legume crop cultivation and production in the achievement of sustainability development goals (SDGs). Sections cover the role of legumes in addressing issues of food security, improving nitrogen in the environment, environmental sustainability, economic-environmentally optimized systems, the importance and impact of nitrogen, organic production, and biomass potential, legume production, biology, breeding improvement, cropping systems, and the use of legumes for eco-friendly weed management.

This book is an important resource for scientists, researchers and advanced students interested in championing the effective utilization of legumes for agronomic and ecological benefit.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Section I Legumes for sustainable crop intensification
Chapter 1 Legume-based agroecosystem for sustainable intensification: An overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Vertical intensification of legumes
1.3 Horizontal intensification of legumes
1.4 Improved human nutrition, health, and livelihood
1.5 Improved animal health
1.6 Improved human and animal’s dietary energy
1.7 Legumes for nitrogen and weed manager in cropping system
1.8 Breeding for enhancing yield potential of grain legumes
1.9 Protection of soil from erosion and degradation
1.10 Promoting soil properties and associated processes
1.11 Reduce ecological footprint and ensures climate-resilient agriculture
1.12 Improved ecosystem services sustainably
1.13 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2 Scope for production of pulses in rice fallow lands in South Asia
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Global scenario and constraints of rice fallow management
2.3 Strategies and innovative pathway for targeting rice fallow
2.4 Geospatial technology targeting the rice fallow lands: A case study of Odisha
2.5 Intensification and crop diversification of rice fallows through suitable site-specific varieties of pulse crops
2.6 Road map for scaling adoption and empowering farmers through value chain and addition
2.7 Incentive and policy framework development for managing rice fallow
2.8 Future perspectives
2.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 3 Sustainable intensification in cropping systems through inclusion of legumes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Prospectus of legumes in world and India
3.3 Importance of legumes in agricultural intensification
3.4 Biophysical resource constraints and environmental degradation in existing cropping system
3.5 Sustainable intensification: An overview
3.6 Sustainable intensification indicators/indices/indexes
3.7 Need and opportunities for sustainable intensification in different agroecosystem
3.8 Legume-based sustainable intensification
3.9 Policies and incentives for supporting legume-based sustainable intensification
3.10 Research gap and ways to overcome
3.11 Future perspectives
3.12 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 4 Legumes for efficient utilization of summer fallow
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Global fallow period—an overview
4.3 Benefits of legumes as summer fallow crop
4.4 Limitations of legume fallow
4.5 Future research needs in legumes for summer fallow
4.6 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 5 Efficient utilization of rice fallow through pulse cultivation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Overview of rice-based cropping systems
5.3 Rice-fallow agroecosystem
5.4 Scope for pulses production in rice-fallow areas
5.5 Pulse cultivation in rice-fallow
5.6 Pulses for sustainability of farms and economic benefits of farming communities in rice-fallow
5.7 Case studies
5.8 Possible future policy and action plan for promoting pulses in rice-fallow
5.9 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 6 Legumes for nutrient management in the cropping system
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Ways to loss of excessive use of nitrogen in agricultural soils
6.3 Multiple benefits of legumes for agricultural sustainability
6.4 Breeding, biotechnology, and genetic engineering for improving legumes-based nitrogen
6.5 Physiological mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation
6.6 Integrated management for enhancing nitrogen in soils
6.7 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 7 Residual nitrogen for succeeding crops in legume-based cropping system
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nitrogen dynamics in legume-based cropping systems
7.3 Atmospheric nitrogen fixation in legume-rhizobium system
7.4 Uptake of fixed atmospheric nitrogen by legume crops
7.5 Residual nitrogen from legume crops
7.6 Release kinetics of residual nitrogen
7.7 Fate of residual nitrogen in soil
7.8 Effect of legumes on residual nitrogen
7.9 Forms of residual nitrogen affecting uptake by succeeding crops in legumes-based cropping systems
7.10 Succeeding crops in the legume-based cropping system
7.11 Legume-based cropping system for reducing environmental footprint
7.12 Residual form of fixed atmospheric nitrogen in soil
7.13 Legumes-based cropping systems for sustainability of agroecosystems
7.14 Residual nitrogen balance, economic efficiency, and system productivity analysis in legume-based cropping systems
7.15 Nutrient recovery, availability, and use efficiency of residual nitrogen by succeeding crops
7.16 Effect of residual nitrogen on water availability, weed suspension, and soil health in succeeding crops
7.17 Effect of legumes-based cropping system on soil carbon stabilization in succeeding crops
7.18 Evaluation of the benefit of legume residual nitrogen to succeeding crops
7.19 Future perspectives
7.20 Conclusions
Abbreviation
References
Chapter 8 Legumes for eco-friendly weed management in agroecosystem
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Consequences of weeds in crop production system
8.3 Adverse effect of excessive use of herbicides on food and environmental security
8.4 Potential legume species for weed control in cropping systems
8.5 Role of legume as a mean of weed suppression in cropping systems
8.6 Allelopathic potential of legumes for weed control in cropping systems
8.7 Assessment of the competitive ability of legumes to weeds in intercropping and sequential cropping
8.8 Economic analysis of legumes effect on weeds
8.9 Challenges for using legume as weed suppression
8.10 Possible future policy and action plan
8.11 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Abbreviations
References
Section II Human and animal Health
Chapter 9 Grain legumes: A diversified diet for sustainable livelihood, food, and nutritional security
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Malnutrition: an overview
9.3 Remedies for elevating malnutrition through grain legumes
9.4 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 10 Recent strategies for pulse biofortification to combat malnutrition
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Pulses biofortification and current need to replace the malnutrition
10.3 Nutrient value of different pulses
10.4 Bioavailability of nutrients in pulses
10.5 Need of pulses biofortification
10.6 Current status and achievements in pulses biofortification
10.7 Methodologies of biofortification
10.8 Challenges in pulses biofortification
10.9 Future perspectives
10.10 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 11 Forage legumes for human, animals, and environment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Characteristic of forage legumes
11.3 Main forage legumes species and worldwide distribution
11.4 Methods of cultivation (sole or mixture cropping)
11.5 Methods of biomass utilization and conservation
11.6 Quality of forage for animals feeding
11.7 Forage legumes for horticulture production
11.8 Forage legumes for marginal land and soil protection
11.9 Forage legumes for human
11.10 Forage legumes for environmental protection
11.11 Future perspectives and research issues of forage legumes
11.12 Case study
11.13 Conclusions
Abbreviation
References
Chapter 12 Legumes for animal nutrition and dietary energy
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Forage legumes hay and silage preservation
12.3 Nutritional value of forage legumes and implications for animal production
12.4 Forage legumes nutrient digestibility and partitioning in ruminants
12.5 Secondary compounds in forage legumes: taking advantage
12.6 Animal production
12.7 Novel grazing system of forage legume utilization
12.8 Future perspectives
12.9 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Section III Soil health management
Chapter 13 Legumes protect the soil erosion and ecosystem services
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Soil processes, erosion, and conservation
13.3 Legumes to control soil erosion in systems
13.4 Perennial legume shrubs, bushes, and hedgerows for soil and water conservation
13.5 Potential of legumes in bench terracing in hilly region to control erosion
13.6 Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 14 Sustainable management of land degradation through legume-based cropping system
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Global issues affecting food security: threats to soil, water, and biodiversity
14.3 Extent and distribution of degraded soils globally
14.4 Land degradation’s current and expected effects on food security
14.5 Opportunities for ensuring global food security through management of degraded land
14.6 Problem, severity, and future possibilities of land degradation in existing cropping systems without inclusion of legumes
14.7 How legumes could pay for sustainable management of unutilized degraded lands
14.8 Economic analyses of land improvement through legumes in cropping system
14.9 Possibilities and barriers of improvement of degraded lands through legumes
14.10 Possible future policy and action plan
14.11 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 15 Legumes effect on nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass potential in organic farming
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Legumes in organic farming: Theory and practices
15.3 Principles of organic farming and role of legumes in fulfilling them
15.4 Legumes effects on nitrogen pool
15.5 Nitrogen mineralization and its significance in crop production
15.6 Chemistry of nitrogen mineralization
15.7 Linkage among legumes, nitrogen mineralization, and soil microbial biomass
15.8 Legume’s effect on nitrogen mineralization
15.9 Effect of legumes on soil microbial diversity
15.10 Effect of legumes on soil biochemical reactions
15.11 Effect of legumes on soil enzymes
15.12 Possible future policy and action plan
15.13 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 16 Legume-based inter-cropping to achieve the crop, soil, and environmental health security
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Legume based inter-cropping and ecosystem services
16.3 Legumes as inter-crops
16.4 Legumes inter-cropping and soil health
16.5 Legumes inter-cropping and plant health
16.6 Legume inter-cropping for insect-disease and pest management of component crops
16.7 Constraints and challenges for legumes in inter-cropping system
16.8 Promotional opportunities for legumes in inter-cropping system
16.9 Possible future policy and action plan
16.10 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 17 Soil carbon and legumes
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Soil carbon pools and carbon mineralization
17.3 Issues of declining soil carbon under intensive cropping system
17.4 Role of legumes in nutrient stoichiometry
17.5 Role of legumes in carbon stoichiometry
17.6 Potential of legumes for soil carbon sequestration
17.7 Screening of legumes species for increased carbon sequestration
17.8 Role of leguminous root biomass in sequestering carbon
17.9 Legumes for soil carbon sequestration
17.10 Legumes in cropping systems
17.11 Limitations, advantages and opportunities in soil carbon sequestration through legumes
17.12 Future perspectives
17.13 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 18 Role of legumes in phytoremediation of heavy metals
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Heavy metal pollutants: Soil contamination and human health
18.3 Heavy metal stress for legumes and associated biological processes
18.4 Physiological aspects of legumes under heavy metal stress
18.5 Microbially mediated heavy metal transformations in the rhizosphere
18.6 Role of legumes in phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils
18.7 Heavy metal, soil, and plant interaction
18.8 Strengthening legume associated-rhizobia to improve heavy-metal phytoremediation
18.9 Genomic manipulation for improving legume phytoremediation
18.10 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi – legume association in managing heavy metals contaminated soils
18.11 Role of plant growth promoting rhizobia in managing heavy metals contaminated soils
18.12 Legume-rhizobium association to manage heavy metals contaminated soils
18.13 Conclusion and future perspectives
Abbreviations
References
Section IV Agroecosystems Management
Chapter 19 Legumes for agroecosystem services and sustainability
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Agroecosystem services
19.3 Diversification of production system to maximize agroecosystem services
19.4 Ecosystem services provided by legumes
19.5 Legume contribution to sustainable agriculture
19.6 Challenges in maximizing benefits from agroecosystem services
19.7 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 20 Potential of legume-based cropping systems for climate change adaptation and mitigation
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Climate change and its impacts: present status and future projection
20.3 Climate change adaptation and mitigation
20.4 Legumes: a vital component of climate-smart cropping system
20.5 Role of legume crops in climate change adaptation in system-based approach
20.6 Role of legumes in climate change mitigation in system-based approach
20.7 Ways to remove barriers in the way of inclusion of legumes in cropping system
20.8 Research priorities and resource development of climate-smart legume-based system
20.9 Possible future policy and action plan
20.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 21 Legumes to reduce ecological footprints for climate-smart cropping systems
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Ecological footprint
21.3 Legumes as climate-smart crop
21.4 Greenhouse gases emission reduction potential of legumes in cropping system
21.5 Role of legumes in ecological footprint reduction in cropping system
21.6 Best crop management practices and their footprint reduction potential in legume-based cropping system
21.7 Future policy and action Plan
21.8 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 22 Environmental footprints of legumes-based agroecosystems for sustainable development
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Trends and current scenario of global greenhouse gases emission in agroecosystems
22.3 Environmental footprint and its assessment
22.4 Environmental footprint in legume-based agroecosystem
22.5 Best crop management practices and their environmental footprint reduction in legume-based agroecosystem
22.6 Possible future policy and action plan
22.7 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 23 Legumes for energy efficiency in agricultural systems
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Energy consumption and its consequences in agricultural systems: An overview
23.3 Leguminous and nonleguminous energy crops
23.4 Energy consumption patterns in legume-based agricultural systems
23.5 Energy saving potentials of legumes
23.6 Ways to further improve the energy consumption efficiency in legumes
23.7 Possible future policy and action plan
23.8 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 24 Potential of tree legumes in agroforestry systems and soil conservation
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Legume’s description
24.3 Soil degradation and soil productivity
24.4 Agroforestry as an exploitation practical option
24.5 Tree legumes for sustainable intensification of agricultural production
24.6 Potential of tree legumes in agroforestry systems
24.7 Efficient use of degraded lands through legume trees in agroforestry system and nitrogen fixation measurement techniques
24.8 Improving the symbiotic properties of the nitrogen-fixing trees
24.9 Possible future policy and action plan
24.10 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 25 Leguminous trees for sustainable tropical agroforestry
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Tropical agroforestry for clean environment
25.3 Legume trees for carbon sequestration for a long time
25.4 Legume trees for nitrogen sequestration for a long time
25.5 Leguminous trees and the soil sustainability
25.6 Leguminous trees and drought tolerance
25.7 Leguminous trees for ecosystem services
25.8 Multipurpose legume trees and integration in tropical and subtropical agroforestry systems
25.9 Conclusions and future perspectives
Abbreviations
References
Section V Crop Improvement
Chapter 26 Grain legumes: Recent advances and technological interventions
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Legume’s genetic architecture modification techniques
26.3 Precision phenotyping tools in legumes
26.4 Legume biofortification
26.5 Nanotechnology in legume
26.6 Speed breeding in legumes
26.7 Digitalization of breeding records in legumes
26.8 Recently developed agro-technologies
26.9 Possibly future interventions and action plans
26.10 Conclusions
Abbreviations
Reference
Chapter 27 Current trends in genetic enhancement of legumes in the genomics era for a sustainable future
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Genetic enhancement of legume crops
27.3 Neglected and underutilized legume crops
27.4 Genetic improvement of neglected and underutilized legumes
27.5 Legume trait mapping for genetic enhancements
27.6 Different tools/methodologies for genetic enhancements
27.7 Resequencing efforts for genetic information gain
27.8 Accelerated legumes domestication
27.9 Legume germplasm stocks as genetic sources of stress tolerance traits
27.10 Role of prebreeding and fast-breeding in genetic enhancement
27.11 Future perspectives and conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 28 Conventional, genomics, and post-genomics era of pulses breeding: Current status and future prospects
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Major constraints in pulses production and productivity
28.3 Genetic resources for pulses improvement
28.4 Conventional breeding for pulses improvement
28.5 Shortfalls of conventional breeding in pulses
28.6 Genomics era in pulses
28.7 Phenomics- high-throughput phenotyping
28.8 Paradigm shift to post gnomic tools in pulses breeding
28.9 Beyond genomics: Employment of post-genomic approaches in pulses breeding
28.10 Future perspectives
28.11 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 29 Participatory breeding for improving legume landraces in small-scale farming
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Principles and concepts of participatory breeding in legume crops
29.3 Importance of participatory breeding under current global context
29.4 Methods of participatory breeding and participatory variety selection in legume crops
29.5 Variety release and maintenance
29.6 Seed production under community seed banks scheme
29.7 Successful participatory breeding experiences on legume crops
29.8 Future perspectives
29.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Competing interests
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 30 Prospects for genome-wide selection for quantitative traits in legumes
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Genomic selection and breeding programs
30.3 Population design for genomic selection
30.4 Genomic selection and prediction models
30.5 Genomic selection and quantitative traits
30.6 Efforts and effectiveness of genomic selection in legumes
30.7 Genomic selection and speed breeding—speed genomic selection
30.8 Future directions of genomic selection in legume
30.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Section VI Economic importance
Chapter 31 Effect of legumes on nitrogen economy and budgeting in South Asia
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Nitrogen budgeting of South Asia
31.3 Legume’s nitrogen fixation in South Asia
31.4 Legumes for reducing nitrogen budget
31.5 Nitrogen fixation and calculation in South Asia
31.6 Nitrogen effects on soil, water, and environment
31.7 Legume’s role to manage soil and environmental quality
31.8 Increase nitrogen use efficiency to manage the soil, water, and environment
31.9 Policies for nitrogen management in South Asia
31.10 Legume-based policies for soil and environmental protection
31.11 Needful advance plans for organizations to reduce nitrogen consumption with legume accommodation
31.12 Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 32 Pulses production, trade and policy imperatives: A global perspective
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Trends in area, production, and productivity of pulses
32.3 Trends in pulses trade
32.4 Research trends in pulses
32.5 Pulses sector: A case of India
32.6 Research themes and priority areas
32.7 Future perspectives
32.8 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 33 Multiple pathways of legume-based systems towards environmental, social, and economic sustainability in smallholder systems
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Pathway consideration for legume-based cropping systems
33.3 Legume-based cropping systems
33.4 Legume-based cropping systems and soil fertility
33.5 Legume-based cropping systems and their linkages with livestock systems
33.6 Legume-based cropping systems: Emission and energetics
33.7 The economics and market opportunities of legumes
33.8 Legume-based cropping systems and food, nutrition, and health outcomes
33.9 Future perspectives
33.10 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 34 Legumes for improving socio-economic conditions of farmers in rainfed agroecosystem
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Rainfed agro-ecosystems - An overview
34.3 Constraints and challenges of rainfed farming
34.4 Legumes in rainfed farming
34.5 Potential of legumes and their socio-economic benefits in sustainable and productive rainfed farming
34.6 Socio-economic benefits of legumes
34.7 Challenges and opportunities for legumes cultivation by smallholders in rainfed agroecosystem
34.8 Possible future policy and action plan
34.9 Major/broad areas for yield improvement in rainfed crops in the future
34.10 Future perspectives
34.11 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Index

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Ram Swaroop Meena

Sandeep Kumar