Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies

A Treatment Manual

1st Edition - January 1, 1976
Editor: Peter G. Bourne
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 4 4 6 - 2

Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies: A Treatment Manual presents the most commonly encountered drug abuse emergencies. This book discusses how various drug-related conditions should be… Read more

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Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies: A Treatment Manual presents the most commonly encountered drug abuse emergencies. This book discusses how various drug-related conditions should be managed by practicing physicians and all those who are dealing with drug abusers. Organized into nine parts encompassing 28 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various emergency drug reactions, including behavioral disturbances, organ malfunction, central nervous system depression, exacerbation of pre-existing illness, or combinations. This text then examines the profile of a typical heroin overdose victim. Other chapters consider severe poisoning due to nonbarbiturate sedative overdosage. This book discusses as well the types of adverse reactions to marihuana and the dangers of marihuana use. The final chapter deals with the ease of synthesis and the potency of arylcyclohexylamines as a mind-altering drug. This book is a valuable resource for toxicologists, emergency room physicians, and nurses. Readers who are dealing with drug abusers will also find this book extremely useful.

List of Contributors

Preface

I Differential Diagnosis

Chapter 1 Differential Diagnosis of Emergency Drug Reactions

I. Introduction

II. Drug Intoxication

III. Drug Withdrawal

IV. “Flashback” Reactions

V. Concurrent Illness or Injury

VI. Complications of “Needle Habit”

VII. Nonspecificity of Symptoms

VIII. Laboratory Identification of Etiologic Agent

References

Chapter 2 Differential Diagnosis of Emergency Drug Reactions

I. Introduction

II. Clinical Manifestations

III. Biochemical Manifestations

References

II. Emergency Treatment of Opiate Overdose

Chapter 3 The Treatment of Acute Heroin Toxicity

I. Introduction

II. Profile of a Heroin Overdose Victim

III. The Management of Opiate Overdose

IV. Unusual Clinical Situations

V. Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 The Treatment of Acute Heroin Toxicity

I. Introduction

II. Diagnosis

III. General Management

IV. Followup Care

V. Conclusion

VI. Etiologic Factors

References

Chapter 5 The Management of Methadone Intoxication

I. Pharmacology and Use of Methadone

II. Elements of the Medical History

III. Physical Examination and Differential Diagnosis

IV. Immediate Management

V. General Management

VI. Followup Care

References

Chapter 6 The Management of Narcotic Withdrawal Syndrome in the Neonate

Chapter 7 The Heroin Withdrawal Syndrome of Newborn Infants

I. Prevalence

II. Prenatal Hazards and Birth Complications

III. Onset of Symptoms

IV. Symptomatology

V. Laboratory Investigations

VI. Treatment

VII. Prognosis

References

Chapter 8 Management of the Opiate Abstinence Syndrome

I. Introduction

II. Procedure

III. Problems

IV. Results

Chapter 9 Management of Acute Medical Complications Resulting from Heroin Addiction

I. Introduction

II. Cardiac

III. Pulmonary

IV. Gastrointestinal

V. Renal

VI. Neurologic

VII. Musculoskeletal and Cutaneous

VIII. Hematologic and Vascular

Bibhography

III Treatment of Acute CNS Depressant Emergencies

Chapter 10 Emergency Treatment of Acute Barbiturate Intoxication

I. Introduction

II. Pulmonary

III. Cardiovascular

IV. History

V. Physical Examination

VI. Neurological Exammation

VII. Laboratory

VIII. General Therapy

IX. Summary

Reference

Chapter 11 Managing the Barbiturate Withdrawal Syndrome

Chapter 12 The Treatment of Nonbarbiturate Sedative Overdosage

I. Introduction

II. Supportive Measures

III. Specific Drugs

IV. Summary

References

IV Emergency Treatment of Adverse Reactions to CNS Stimulants

Chapter 13 Emergency Treatment of Acute Adverse Reactions to CNS Stimulants

I. Introduction

II. Management of Acute Medical Complications

III. Treatment of Acute Amphetamine Psychosis

IV. Psychiatric Management of Amphetamine Withdrawal

References

Chapter 14 The Treatment of Amphetamine Psychosis

I. Introduction

II. Diagnostic Interview

III. Physical Examination

IV. Treatment

References

V Emergency Treatment of Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs

Chapter 15 Management of Acute Panic Reactions and Flashbacks Resulting from LSD Ingestion

I. Introduction

II. Acute Panic Reactions

III. LSD Flashbacks

References

Chapter 16 Emergency Treatment of Acute Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs

I. Hallucinogenic Drugs

II. Acute Adverse Reactions

III. Emergency Management

References

Chapter 17 Emergency Treatment of Acute Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs

I. Introduction

II. The Hallucinogenic Drugs

III. The Adverse Reaction

IV. Management

V. Prognosis and Conclusion

Bibliography

VI Emergency Treatment of Acute Reactions to Cannabis Derivatives

Chapter 18 Emergency Management of Marihuana Psychosis

I. Adverse Reactions to Marihuana

II. Expected or Usual Effects of Marihuana

III. Types of Adverse Reactions to Marihuana

IV. Variables Affecting Marihuana Effects

V. The Treatment of Marihuana Psychosis

References

Chapter 19 Emergency Treatment of Marihuana Complicating Diabetes

I. Introduction and Comment

II. Differential Evaluation

III. Treatment Methods

IV. Followup

V. Summary and Abstract

References

Appendix A—Walter Reed General Hospital Protocol for Treatment of Diabetic Acidosis and Coma

VII Emergency Treatment of Inhalation Psychosis and Related States

Chapter 20 Inhalation Psychosis and Related States

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Techniques

III. The Nature of Inhalation Psychosis

IV. The Inhaler

V. The Etiology of Inhalation Psychosis

VI. Treatment

VII. Summary

References

VIII Emergency Treatment of Acute Alcohol Intoxication

Chapter 21 Treatment of Alcohol Intoxication and the Withdrawal Syndrome: A Critical Analysis of the Use of Drugs and Other Forms of Therapy

I. Introduction

II. Alcohol Intoxication

III. The Abstinence or Withdrawal Syndrome

IV. Nutritional Diseases of the Nervous System (Secondary to Alcoholism)

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 22 Diagnosis and Therapy of Acute Withdrawal from Alcohol

I. Introduction

II. Sedation

III. Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism

IV. Carbohydrate Metabolism

V. Anticonvulsant Therapy

VI. Antibiotic Therapy

VII. Summary

References

IX Special Problems

Chapter 23 Drug Dependence in Hospitalized Patients

I. Drug Abuse

II. Drug Dependence

IV. Tolerance

IV. Types of Abused Drugs

V. Alcohol Type

VI. Barbiturate Type

VII. Morphine Type

VIII. Amphetamine, Cocaine and Marihuana Types

IX. Hallucinogenic Type

X. Solvent Sniffing

XI. Drug Dependence among Physicians and Nurses

XII. Dependence upon Several Drugs

XIII. Summary

References

Chapter 24 Surgery for Drug Abusers—Anesthesia

I. Introduction

II. Detoxification

III. Premedication

IV. Anesthetic Management

V. Abstinence Syndrome

References

Chapter 25 Accidental Poisoning in Children and Adolescents by Drugs of Abuse

I. Introduction

II. General Management Guidelines

III. Opiates

IV. Sedatives

V. Amphetamines

VI. Hallucinogens

References

Chapter 26 Confidentiality and the Drug Abuse Patient

I. Introduction

II. Confidentiality Regulations

III. Medical Issues

IV. Administrative Issues

V. Conclusion

Chapter 27 Chemotherapy for Drug Abuse Related Emergencies

I. Introduction

II. Chemotherapeutic Approaches

References

Chapter 28 Management and Treatment of Acute Phencyclidine Intoxications

I. Introduction

II. Presenting Picture

III. Clinical Findings

IV. Diagnosis

V. Early Management

VI. The Recovery Phase

VII. Treatment

VIII. Conclusion

Bibliography

Subject Index