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A Textbook of Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition - September 15, 1970
Author: Arther Adamson
Language: English
eBook ISBN:9780323161282
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 6 1 2 8 - 2
A Textbook of Physical Chemistry: Second Edition provides both a traditional and theoretical approach in the study of physical chemistry. The book covers subjects usually covered…Read more
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A Textbook of Physical Chemistry: Second Edition provides both a traditional and theoretical approach in the study of physical chemistry. The book covers subjects usually covered in chemistry textbooks such as ideal and non-ideal gases, the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the distribution laws, and the additive physical properties of matter. Also covered are the three laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry, chemical equilibrium, liquids and their simple phase equilibria, the solutions of nonelectrolytes, and heterogenous equilibrium. The text is recommended for college-level chemistry students, especially those who are in need of a textbook for the subject.
Preface
Preface to the First Edition
1 Ideal and Nonideal Gases
1-1 Introduction
1-2 Equations of State
1-3 Development of the Concept of an Ideal Gas; The Absolute Temperature Scale
1-4 The Ideal Gas Law and Related Equations
1-5 Mixtures of Ideal Gases; Partial Pressures
1-6 Partial Volumes; Amagat's Law
1-7 The Barometric Equation
1-8 Deviations from Ideality—Critical Behavior
1-9 Semiempirical Equations of State. The van der Waals Equation
1-10 The van der Waals Equation, Critical Phenomena, and the Principle of Corresponding States
Commentary and Notes
Special Topics
General References
Cited References
Exercises and Problems
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
2 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
2-1 Introduction
2-2 The Boltzmann Distribution Law
2-3 The Distribution of Molecular Velocities
2-4 Average Quantities from the Distribution Laws
2-5 Some Applications of Simple Kinetic Molecular Theory. Collision Frequency on a Plane Surface and Graham's Law
2-6 A Rederivation of the Ideal Gas Law
2-7 Bimolecular Collision Frequency and Mean Free Path
2-8 Transport Phenomena; Viscosity, Diffusion, and Thermal Conductivity
2-9 Summary of Kinetic Molecular Theory Quantities
Commentary and Notes
2-CN-1 Some Further Comments on the Various Distribution Laws
2-CN-2 Verification of the Distribution Laws
2-CN-3 Molecular Diameters; Avogadro's Number
2-CN-4 Transport Phenomena; Phenomenological Equations
2-CN-5 Verification of the Kinetic Molecular Theory
Special Topics
2-ST-1 Use of a Lennard-Jones Potential Function
2-ST-2 Collision Frequencies and Mean Free Paths for Mixtures
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
3 Some Additive Physical Properties of Matter
3-1 Introduction
3-2 Absorption of Light
3-3 Molar Refraction
3-4 Molar Polarization; Dipole Moments
3-5 Dipole Moments and Molecular Properties
Commentary and Notes
3-CN-1 Systems of Units
Special Topics
3-ST-1 The Charge Distribution of a Molecule
3-ST-2 Magnetic Properties of Matter
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
4 Chemical Thermodynamics. The First Law of Thermodynamics
4-1 Introduction
4-2 The Story of a Man
4-3 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
4-4 Mathematical Properties of State Functions. Exact and Path-Dependent Differentials
4-5 Heat and Work for Various Processes
4-6 Enthalpy. An Alternative Form of the First Law
4-7 Applications of the First Law to Ideal Gases
4-8 Molecular Basis for Heat Capacities. The Equipartition Principle
4-9 Statistical Mechanical Treatment of First Law Quantities
4-10 Translational Partition Function for an Ideal Gas
4-11 The Rotational Partition Function
4-12 The Vibrational Partition Function
Commentary and Notes
4-CN-1 Internal Pressure
4-CN-2 Additional Aspects of Statistical Mechanical Treatments
Special Topics
4-ST-1 The Joule-Thomson Effect
4-ST-2 The Heat Capacity of a Solid
General References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
5 Thermochemistry
5-1 Introduction
5-2 Measurement of Heats of Reaction: Relationship between ΔE and ΔH
5-3 Some Enthalpies of Combustion, Hydrogenation, and Solution
5-4 Combining ΔH or ΔΕ Quantities
5-5 Enthalpies of Formation
5-6 Dependence of ΔH and ΔE on Temperature
Commentary and Notes
5-CN-1 Explosions, Flames, and Rockets
5-CN-2 The Thermochemistry of Nutrition
Special Topics
5-ST-1 Chemical Bond Strengths
5-ST-2 Internal Energy and Enthalpy Functions
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
6 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
6-1 Introduction
6-2 The Carnot Cycle—Heat Machines
6-3 Generalization of the Carnot Cycle—The Entropy Function
6-4 Calculations of ΔS for Various Reversible Processes
6-5 Calculation of ΔS for Various Irreversible Processes
6-6 Free Energy. Criteria for Equilibrium
6-7 Second Law Relationships
6-8 The Third Law of Thermodynamics
6-9 Statistical Mechanical Treatment of Second Law Quantities
Commentary and Notes
6-CN-1 Summary of the Statements of the Laws of Thermodynamics
6-CN-2 Statistical Thermodynamics—Ensembles—and J. Willard Gibbs
6-CN-3 Additional Comments on the Third Law of Thermodynamics and on the Attainment of 0 Κ
Special Topics
6-ST-1 Thermodynamic Relationships
6-ST-2 Thermodynamic Treatment of a Nonideal Gas—Fugacity
6-ST-3 The Free Energy Function
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
7 Chemical Equilibrium
7-1 Introduction
7-2 The Thermodynamic Equilibrium Constant
7-3 The Determination of Experimental Equilibrium Constants
7-4 The Variation of KP with Temperature
7-5 Gas-Solid Equilibria
7-6 Le Châtelier's Principle
7-7 Free Energy and Entropy of Formation
Commentary and Notes
7-CN-1 Chemical Equilibrium and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Special Topics
7-ST-1 Effect of Pressure on Chemical Equilibria Involving Gases
7-ST-2 Application of Statistical Thermodynamics to Chemical Equilibrium
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
8 Liquids and Their Simple Phase Equilibria
8-1 Introduction
8-2 The Vapor Pressure of Liquids (and Solids)
8-3 Enthalpy and Entropy of Vaporization; Trouton's Rule
8-4 Liquid-Solid and Solid-Solid Equilibria. Phase Maps
8-5 The Free Energy of a Liquid and Its Vapor
8-6 The Surface Tension of Liquids. Surface Tension as a Thermodynamic Quantity
8-7 Measurement of Surface Tension
8-8 Results of Surface Tension Measurements
8-9 The Kelvin Equation. Nucleation
8-10 Viscosity of Liquids
Commentary and Notes
8-CN-1 Additional Thermodynamic Properties of Liquids
8-CN-2 The Structure of Water
8-CN-3 Anomalous Water
Special Topics
8-ST-1 Intermodular Forces
8-ST-2 The Viscosity of Liquids
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
9 Solutions of Nonelectrolytes
9-1 Introduction
9-2 The Vapor Pressure of Solutions. Raoult's and Henry's Laws
9-3 The Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems
9-4 Ideal Gas Mixtures
9-5 Ideal and Nonideal Solutions. Activities and Activity Coefficients
9-6 The Temperature Dependence of Vapor Pressures
9-7 Boiling Point Diagrams
9-8 Partial Miscibility
Commentary and Notes
9-CN-1 Other Properties of Solutions
9-CN-2 Ideal, Regular, and Athermal Solutions
9-CN-3 Statistical Thermodynamics of Solutions
Special Topics
9-ST-1 Partial Molal Quantities
9-ST-2 The Surface Tension of Solutions. The Gibbs Equation
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
10 Dilute Solutions of Nonelectrolytes. Colligative Properties
10-1 Vapor Pressure Lowering
10-2 Boiling Point Elevation
10-3 Freezing Point Depression
10-4 Summary of the First Three Colligative Properties
10-5 Osmotic Equilibrium
10-6 Activities and Activity Coefficients for Dilute Solutions
10-7 Other Methods of Molecular Weight Determination
Commentary and Notes
10-CN-1 Colligative Properties and Deviations from Ideality
10-CN-2 Relationship between Freezing Point Depression and Solubility
10-CN-3 Osmotic Pressure
10-CN-4 Water Desalination
Special Topics
10-ST-1 Dilute Solution Conventions for Activities and Activity Coefficients
10-ST-2 Theoretical Treatment of Diffusion
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
11 Heterogeneous Equilibrium
11-1 The Gibbs Phase Rule
11-2 One-Component Systems
11-3 Two-Component Systems
11-4 Sodium Sulfate-Water and Other Systems
11-5 Three-Component Systems
11-6 Three-Component Solubility Diagrams
Commentary and Notes
11-CN-1 Definitions of the Terms Component and Phase
Special Topics
11-ST-1 Two-Component Freezing Point Diagrams. Partial Miscibility
11-ST-2 Partial Miscibility in Three-Component Systems
General References
Cited References
Exercises
Problems
Special Topics Problems
12 Solutions of Electrolytes
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Conductivity—Experimental Definitions and Procedures