Microbiology in Clinical Practice

Foreword to First EditionPreface to Second EditionPreface to First Edition'Priority' ReadingAbbreviations Acknowledgments for Illustrations Section A: General Principles 1 Classification and Pathogenicity of Microbes Classification of Bacteria Classification of Viruses Classification of Fungi Pathogenesis: Factors Affecting 'Virulence' and Spread of Microbes Appendix: Basic Characteristics of Some Important Bacterial Pathogens 2 Use of The Microbiology Laboratory—General Principles Collection of Clinically Relevant Specimens Provision of Essential Clinical Information Prior Discussion with the Microbiologist Collection of Good Quality Specimens Transport of Specimens to the Laboratory Procedures in the Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnosis Antibiotic Sensitivity Tests Appendix 1 : Some Microbiological Methods Appendix 2: Basic Virological Investigations 3 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy—General Principles Mode of Action of Antimicrobial Drugs Spectrum Of Activity Of Antimicrobial Agents General Principles of Use of Antimicrobial Drugs Pharmacokinetic Factors Use of Microbiological Investigations in The Management of Therapy Antibiotic Assays Causes of Failure of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs Antibiotic Prophylaxis Appendix: Notes on Antimicrobial Drugs Including Some 'New' AntibioticsSection B: Specific Clinical Topics 4 Pyrexia of Undetermined Origin (PUO) Definition of PUO Major Causes of PUO Infective Causes of PUO Investigation of PUO Special Investigations 5 Septicaemia Clinical Features Causative Organisms Microbiological Investigations of Septicaemia Antibiotic Treatment of Septicaemia Prevention of Septicaemia Appendix: Instructions for the Collection of Conventional Blood Cultures 6 Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic' Organisms Opportunistic Conditions Diagnosis of Opportunistic Infections Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Prevention of Opportunistic Infections 7 Obstetric, Perinatal and Neonatal Infections Infections in Pregnancy Perinatal Infections Neonatal and Congenital Infections Puerperal Sepsis and Post-Partum Pyrexia Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and AIDS in Infants Gynecological Infections 8 Infections In Children Respiratory Tract Infections Specific Childhood Fevers Some Other Infections in Childhood Congenital Immunodeficiency and Impaired Resistance to Infection Immunization Appendix: List of Infectious Diseases Notifiable in Britain 9 Anaerobic Infections Definition of an Anaerobe Classification of Anaerobes Predisposing Factors for Anaerobic Infections Non-Sporing Anaerobic Infections Clostridial Infections 10 Infections of the Central Nervous System Meningitis Encephalitis Cerebral Abscesses Extradural Spinal Abscess Guillain-Barré Syndrome Congenital Central Nervous System Infections 11 ENT and Eye Infections Ear, Nose and Throat Infections Eye Infections 12 Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract Normal Flora of the Lower Respiratory Tract Acute Trachea-Bronchitis Infective Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis Influenza Para-Influenza Pneumonia Legionnaires5 Disease Aspergillus Broncho-Pulmonary Diseases Farmer's Lung Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis Lung Abscess Empyema 13 Mycobacterial and Actinomycete Infections Mycobacterial Infections Tuberculosis Opportunist Mycobacteria Leprosy Actinomycete Infections 14 Infections of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract Normal Flora of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract Water as a Vehicle of Infection Enteric Fever Gastro-Enteritis and Food Poisoning Acute Diarrhea in Childhood Infantile Gastro-Enteritis Dysentery Cholera Giardiasis Winter Vomiting Disease Traveller's Diarrhea Tropical Sprue Blind Loop Syndrome Antibiotic-Induced Diarrhea Pseudo-Membranous Colitis More Recently Recognized Causes of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Infections 15 Hepatic Infections Viral Hepatitis Other Infective Causes of Jaundice Liver Abscess 16 Skin Infections and Infestations Normal Flora of Skin Causative Organisms Skin Lesions Associated with Bacterial Infection Bacteriological Investigations Treatment Skin Lesions Associated with Viral Infections Skin Lesions Associated with Fungal Infections Skin Lesions Associated with Protozoa Skin Lesions Associated with Worm Infestations Skin Lesions Associated with Insect Infestations 17 Bone And Joint Infections Pathogenesis Bone Infections Joint Infections (Septic Arthritis) and 'Reactive' Arthritis Treatment of Bone and Joint Infections (Non-Tuberculous) Tuberculosis of Bones And Joints 18 Infections of The Heart Infective Endocarditis Infective Myocarditis and Pericarditis 19 Infections of the Urinary Tract Normal Flora of the Urinary Tract Definition of Urinary Tract Infection Significant Bacteriuria Clinical Pathological Categories Pathogenesis Predisposing Factors Effects of Urinary Tract Infections Causative Organisms Investigation of Urinary Tract Infections Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections 20 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Causative Organisms Incidence of Some Sexually Transmitted Diseases Bacterial Infections Lymphogranuloma Venereum Non-Specific Urethritis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Viral Infections Fungal Infection Protozoal Infection Balanitis Arthropod Infestations Summary of Diagnostic Microbiological Investigations for Patients with Suspected Sexually Transmitted Diseases 21 AIDS and Other Diseases Caused by Retroviruses Molecular Genetics of HIV Immunopathogenesis of AIDS and Latency of HIV Infection Clinical-Pathological Definition of AIDS Epidemiology Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection Revised 1987 Definition of AIDS 488 Opportunistic Infections Indicative of AIDS and Their Management Microbiological Investigation of HIV Infection Infection Control Precautions to Prevent Transmission of HIV to Patients and Staff Drugs to Treat HIV Infection Future Prospects Appendix: The Full Definition of AIDS 22 Zoonoses Definition Modes of Transmission Bacterial Zoonoses Rickettsial Zoonoses Viral Zoonoses Chlamydial Zoonoses Fungal Zoonoses Protozoal Zoonoses Worm Zoonoses 23 Arthropod-Borne Infections and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Arthropod Vectors of Infectious Diseases Diseases Transmitted by Arthropod Vectors Arthropod-Borne Infections Imported Into Britain Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers 24 Worms (Helminths) Cestodes (Tapeworms) Nematodes (Roundworms) Filarial Nematodes Trematodes (Flukes) 25 Hospital Infection 573 General Considerations Different Types of Hospital-Acquired Infection Organisms Causing Hospital-Acquired Infections Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections Surgical Wound Infections Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Intensive Care Units and Hospital-Acquired Infection Infective Hazards of Intravenous Infusion Therapy Tuberculosis, Viral Hepatitis and AIDS 601 Appendix: Typing of Organisms and Isolation Procedures 26 Disinfection and Sterilization Definition of Terms Disinfection Sterilization CSSD and TSSUIndex